Chapter 7 Evaluation of Turgidity, Plasmolysis, and Deplasmolysis of Plant Cells

Stadelmann, E.

doi:10.1016/s0091-679x(08)62139-1

Cited by 41 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Chemicals were of reagent grade. OG was prepared using the procedure of Phillips and Clarke (12) (14,15). Osmotic ground values were calculated as indicated (15).…”

Section: Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OG was prepared using the procedure of Phillips and Clarke (12) (14,15). Osmotic ground values were calculated as indicated (15). Two to four cells were evaluated for each treatment and the experiments were repeated at least three times.…”

Section: Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15). These methods provide the opportunity to investigate the effect of external factors such as chemicals on the behavior of the living protoplasm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cell wall attachment has been known to increase in presence of AlCl3 (1). The strength of this attachment has been related to the electrical potentials between plasmalemma and cell wall (15). Also, OG is known to inhibit K+ transport (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Octylguanidine on Cell Permeability and Other Protoplasmic Properties of Allium cepa Epidermal Cells

Gomez-Lepe¹,

Lee-Stadelmann²,

Palta³

et al. 1979

Plant Physiol.

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Effects of octylguanidine (OG) were studied on the permeability of cells of the adaxial epidermis of Allium cepa bulb scales to water and methyl urea and on the protoplast surface. Interference of OG with the Ca2+ and Al3 action on the ceUl surface was also investigated.Permeability of the ceil membrane for water and methyl urea increased nearly three times in presence of OG. The effect of OG on cel permeability depended on its direct contact with the protoplast surface.The effect of OG on the interaction between the protoplast surface and the cel wal (wall attachment) was marked and rapid; OG (225 micromolar During the early part of this investigation, OG was found to have a dramatic effect on the attachment between the protoplast surface and the cell wall. Cell wall attachment has been known to increase in presence of AlCl3 (1). The strength of this attachment has been related to the electrical potentials between plasmalemma and cell wall (15). Also, OG is known to inhibit K+ transport (6). Therefore, one of the objectives of this study was to investigate the effect of OG on the cell wall attachment in relation to various ions, e.g. Al3", Ca2+, K+. MATERIALS AND METHODSOnions (A Ilium cepa L., cv. Downing Yellow Globe) were grown at the University of Minnesota Sand Plain Experimental Field without the use of herbicides or growth inhibitors. The bulbs were harvested in September of 1977 and stored at 5 C. Onions used for the work were brought to room temperature 1 day before the experiments.Octylguanidine has been shown to inhibit K+ transport in excised roots of Hordeum vulgare (5) and Avena sativa seedlings (6) and it has been suggested that this inhibitor acts at the cell surface level by interfering with the plasma membrane ATPase complex. This conclusion was drawn from studies conducted on multicellular structures (excised roots; 5, 6) and on subcellular fractions (mitochondria; 11). Studies at the cellular level can provide information important for understanding the nature and mechanism of OG3 inhibition. So far no such studies have been undertaken. In the present investigation, we attempted to observe and study the effect of OG at the cellular level by using various 'This work was supported by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment

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“…Chemicals were of reagent grade. OG was prepared using the procedure of Phillips and Clarke (12) (14,15). Osmotic ground values were calculated as indicated (15).…”

Section: Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15). These methods provide the opportunity to investigate the effect of external factors such as chemicals on the behavior of the living protoplasm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Octylguanidine on Cell Permeability and Other Protoplasmic Properties of Allium cepa Epidermal Cells

Gomez-Lepe¹,

Lee-Stadelmann²,

Palta³

et al. 1979

Plant Physiol.

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“…The water potential of the leaf discs was found by estimation of the water potential of a sucrose solution (29) in which the weight of the tissue did not change. The validity of this isopiestic technique has been questioned (1,9) because of the possibility of diffusion either of sucrose or of its hydrolytic products into the tissue.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dehydration, Water Fluxes, and Permeability of Tobacco Leaf Tissue

Graziani¹,

Livné²

1971

Plant Physiol.

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Removal of the lower epidermis from a tobacco leaf allows a faster and wider range of water fluxes, without damaging the mesophyll. It also permits a more direct examination of the photosynthetic potential of the tissue at various levels of hydration.The rehydration rate of leaf discs is essentially linear. It decreases with leaf age and is correlated with the rate of dehydration, but it is independent of the tissue's water potential, as estimated by the isopiestic method. The hydraulic permeability coefficient of water influx is directly related to water potential of the tissue, suggesting a mechanism for the regulaton of the hydration level of the leaf tissue. The "energy of activation" of rehydration amounts to about 9 kilocalories per mole at intermediate dehydration, but it greatly declines following water loss in excess of 600 milligrams per gram fresh weight. The excessive dehydration is also characterized by a major increase in permeability (monitored by efflux of ions and materials absorbing ultraviolet light) and by a parallel decrease in photosynthetic activity. The interrelationship of these effects of excessive dehydration is discussed.The effects of dehydration of plants (see reviews: 4, 7, 12, 15, 18, 31, 32) Dehydration and Rehydration. For dehydration the discs with the stripped side up were exposed to an atmosphere of 45 to 60% relative humidity under a light intensity of 2500 lux (Sylvania Gro-Lux lamps) at a room temperature of 24 to 27 C. The tissue was weighed on an analytical balance at frequent intervals (Fig. 1). The rate of dehydration was computed on the basis of the time required for the tissue to lose a known weight of water (commonly 350 mg per g fresh wt).When the desired degree of dehydration had been attained, rehydration was started by floating the discs, with the lower side down, on distilled water at 22 C in the light. Where indicated, other temperatures were employed. At 2-to 3-min intervals, the discs were taken out, blotted once with a paper tissue, and weighed. Additional blotting had a negligible effect on the weight of the discs. Comparative measurements showed that the interruptions for the weighing (up to 8 times) did not alter the rate or the extent of rehydration, which were dependent on the net time of exposure of the tissue to water.The rate of rehydration was derived from the initial rate of water uptake. For example, in Figure 2 the rate of rehydration was 37 mg per g fresh wt per min, based on the linear portion of the curve (up to 6 min).Water Potential. The water potential of the leaf discs was found by estimation of the water potential of a sucrose solution (29) in which the weight of the tissue did not change. The validity of this isopiestic technique has been questioned (1,9) because of the possibility of diffusion either of sucrose or of its hydrolytic products into the tissue. To minimize such uncertainties, the discs were floated on graded solutions (0-0.6 M sucrose) at 22 C, and the linear changes in weight of the tissue within 4 min were use...

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Textural, histological and biochemical changes in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) due to immersion and variations in turgor pressure

et al. 2003

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Textural, histological and biochemical characteristics of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) under different tissue turgor pressures were studied after equilibration of mesocarp tissue cylinders in various polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) solutions. Tissue swelling was observed for all hypotonic solutions. Cell membrane vitality was detected in all cucumber tissues where significant values of initial firmness (f i ) and residual relaxation force (F R ) were found. Good turgor status was also associated with higher values of these parameters, observing higher values of the textural parameters for higher turgor. Cell wall integrity was observed through Calcofluor fluorescence assay in tissue equilibrated in hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic solutions, although a lower fluorescence intensity was observed in tissue equilibrated with 0 mol m À3 PEG solution, probably owing to some cell bursting. Calcium bridges between pectic polymers were proven to be responsible for cell-cell adhesion and tissue integrity of cucumber mesocarp tissue. Compression curves obtained for raw tissue showed a stage of fracture, and its loss after immersion might be attributed to cell-cell adhesion weakness due to immersion in calcium-free PEG solutions. Peroxidase and polygalacturonase increased after cucumber equilibration in the solutions, probably expressing tissue injury. Cucumber textural behaviour was very much affected by immersion in calcium-free solutions, determining the loss of fracture stage and a great influence of turgor pressure on the textural response of soaked tissue. INTRODUCTIONTexture is a major quality attribute of plant-based foods. This property lies in a 'mechanical unit' whose components are the cell wall, the cellular membrane or plasmalemma and the middle lamella. The cell wall and middle lamella work together, controlling the way in which vegetable tissues undergo mechanical deformation and failure during mastication. 1 The relative resistance of these two entities determines the perception of juiciness or mealiness, 2 but it is also affected by cell adhesion which can be attributed to various chemical compounds. These are key factors which determine the textural performance of vegetables after physiological changes such as ripening or after processes such as blanching, cooking or brining. Mechanical properties are also influenced by cell wall thickness, the size and shape of cells, the volume of intercellular spaces and turgor 3-5 as well as by the frequency of plasmodesmata presence along the cell wall and by the type of chemical compounds that constitute it.

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Chapter 7 Evaluation of Turgidity, Plasmolysis, and Deplasmolysis of Plant Cells

Cited by 41 publications

References 87 publications

Effects of Octylguanidine on Cell Permeability and Other Protoplasmic Properties of Allium cepa Epidermal Cells

Effects of Octylguanidine on Cell Permeability and Other Protoplasmic Properties of Allium cepa Epidermal Cells

Dehydration, Water Fluxes, and Permeability of Tobacco Leaf Tissue

Textural, histological and biochemical changes in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) due to immersion and variations in turgor pressure

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