Chapter 7 Amino acid metabolism in fish

Jürss, K.; Bastrop, Ralf

doi:10.1016/s1873-0140(06)80010-x

Cited by 48 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Like all other loci examined in this paper, i.e. MDH-II, GAPDH, AK and APK, IDH represents a diagnostic locus (Ayala & Powell 1972), which allows 100% classification of the specimens to either Marenzelleria Type I or Type II (Bastrop et al 1995, Röhner et al 1996a. Fig.…”

Section: Distribution Of Species and Detection Of Hybridsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The methods used for allozyme electrophoresis and statistical evaluation are described in Bastrop et al (1995), Röhner et al (1996a,b) and Jürss et al (1999). Expt 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transdeamination is the primary mechanism for catabolism of amino acids (AAs), e.g. in fish the amino group of a variety of AAs is transferred to α-ketoglutarate to form glu, which is then deaminated by glutamate dehydrogenase (Jürss & Bastrop 1995). Regarding invertebrates, the importance of this metabolic process is not as universal as for vertebrates (Bishop 1976, Bishop et al 1994.…”

Section: Genetic and Ecological Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…wireni) is found in the North Sea only, whereas Type II (M. cf. viridis) exists in both the Baltic Sea and, probably, the North Sea, namely in the Elbe estuary (Bastrop et al 1995, 1998, Röhner et al 1996a,b, Bick & Zettler 1997. The North Sea worms of Type I correspond to the Type I specimens found in coastal waters between Nova Scotia (Canada) and Cape Henlopen (Delaware, USA), while Marenzelleria Type II from the Baltic Sea corresponds to Marenzelleria Type II worms from the Arctic (Tuktoyaktuk Harbor, Northwest Territories, Canada), New Hampshire and coastal waters between Chesapeake Bay southward to the Ogechee River in Georgia, USA (Röhner et al 1996b, Bastrop et al 1997, 1998.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of salinity on spatial distribution and cell volume regulation in two sibling species of Marenzelleria (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

Blank¹,

Bastrop²,

Röhner³

et al. 2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Marenzelleria sibling species Types I and II are characteristically distributed within the salinity gradient of the Elbe estuary. For the first time F 1 -hybrids between the 2 Marenzelleria species were found. Type I inhabits mainly the isoosmotic/hyperosmotic range, while Type II and the F 1 -hybrids prevail in the hypoosmotic range. A sympatric occurrence could be inferred in salinity ranges from 3.3 to 12.3 ppt. Marenzelleria sibling species Type II has been found for the first time in the North Sea (Elbe estuary). The influence of salinity on the distribution of Marenzelleria spp. was examined by laboratory experiments. In a time-course experiment with salinity changes from 10 to 25 ppt and from 25 to 10 ppt, respectively, enzyme activities and free amino acids were determined. The activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase were always higher in Type I than in Type II. A salinity increase from 10 to 25 ppt resulted in a faster increase of the concentrations of D,L-alanine, glycine, serine, glutamate and threonine in Type I. The biochemical results showed that the capacity of cell volume regulation could be involved in the different spatial distributions of the 2 sibling species.

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Section: Distribution Of Species and Detection Of Hybridsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The methods used for allozyme electrophoresis and statistical evaluation are described in Bastrop et al (1995), Röhner et al (1996a,b) and Jürss et al (1999). Expt 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genetic and Ecological Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of salinity on spatial distribution and cell volume regulation in two sibling species of Marenzelleria (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

Blank¹,

Bastrop²,

Röhner³

et al. 2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Amino acids are important substrates in the fish kidney for both oxidation and gluconeogenesis (Jürss and Bastrop, 1995). The rate of oxidation of alanine was reported to be more than 10-fold higher than the rate of incorporation into glucose in Atlantic salmon kidney (Mommsen et al, 1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α Transactivates the Mitochondrial Alanine Aminotransferase Gene in the Kidney of Sparus aurata

et al. 2011

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Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) plays an important role in amino acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis. The preference of carnivorous fish for protein amino acids instead of carbohydrates as a source of energy lead us to study the transcriptional regulation of the mitochondrial ALT (mALT) gene and to characterize the enzyme kinetics and modulation of mALT expression in kidney of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) under different nutritional and hormonal conditions. 5'-deletion analysis of mALT promoter in transiently transfected HEK293 cells, site-directed mutagenesis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays allowed us to identify HNF4α as a new factor involved in the transcriptional regulation of mALT expression. Quantitative RT-PCR assays showed that starvation and the administration of streptozotocin (STZ) decreased HNF4α levels in the kidney of S. aurata, leading to down-regulation of mALT transcription. Analysis of the tissue distribution showed that kidney, liver and intestine were the tissues with higher mALT and HNF4α expression. Kinetic analysis indicates that mALT enzyme is more efficient in catalyzing the conversion of L-alanine to pyruvate than the reverse reaction. From these results we conclude that HNF4α transactivates the mALT promoter and that the low levels of mALT expression found in the kidney of starved and STZ-treated fish result from a decreased expression of HNF4α. Our findings suggest that the mALT isoenzyme plays a major role in oxidazing dietary amino acids, and points to ALT as a target for a biotechnological action to spare protein and optimize the use of dietary nutrients for fish culture.3

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Changes in free amino acid synthesis in the perfused liver of an air-breathing walking catfish,Clarias batrachus infused with ammonium chloride: A strategy to adapt under hyperammonia stress

2000

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The changes in the free amino acid (FAA) levels, the rate of efflux of FAAs from the perfused liver, and the activity of some enzymes related to amino acid metabolism such as glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH, both reductive amination and oxidative deamination), glutamine synthetase (GS), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were studied in the liver of a freshwater air‐breathing teleost, the walking catfish, Clarias batrachus, perfused with 5 and 10 mM NH4Cl. The level of the various non‐essential FAAs increased significantly, with a total increase of about 150%, which was accompanied by a significant increase of both ammonia and urea‐N in the perfused liver both with 5 and 10 mM NH4Cl. The rate of efflux of these non‐essential FAAs from the perfused liver also increased significantly with a total increase of about 115% and 160% at 5 and 10 mM NH4Cl, respectively. The activity of the mentioned amino acid metabolism‐related enzymes in the perfused liver also got stimulated, except for GDH in the ammonia forming direction and ALT, under a higher ammonia load. The activity (both tissue and specific) of GDH in the glutamate forming direction increased maximally, followed by AST and GS in a decreasing order. Owing to these physiological adaptive strategies related to amino acid metabolism along with the presence of a functional and regulatory urea cycle (reported earlier), it is believed that this catfish is able to survive in very high ambient ammonia or in the air or in the mud during habitat drying. J. Exp. Zool. 286:13–23, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Chapter 7 Amino acid metabolism in fish

Cited by 48 publications

References 86 publications

Effect of salinity on spatial distribution and cell volume regulation in two sibling species of Marenzelleria (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

Effect of salinity on spatial distribution and cell volume regulation in two sibling species of Marenzelleria (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α Transactivates the Mitochondrial Alanine Aminotransferase Gene in the Kidney of Sparus aurata

Changes in free amino acid synthesis in the perfused liver of an air-breathing walking catfish,Clarias batrachus infused with ammonium chloride: A strategy to adapt under hyperammonia stress

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