Chapter 6 Karst

Frisia, Silvia; Borsato, Andrea

doi:10.1016/s0070-4571(09)06106-8

Cited by 93 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…In continental environments, mechanisms of micrite formation in laminar calcretes and tufas implies a biotic intervention, such as precipitation mediated by cyanobacteria (Kaźmierczak et al, 1996;Alonso-Zarza & Wright, 2010). Micrite fabric has been observed associated with bio-influenced calcite moonmilk fibres and in calcareous tufa (Borsato et al, 2000;Frisia & Borsato, 2010). Similarly, micrite fabrics characterizes stromatolite-like structures in speleothems from the Swiss Alps grown under a glacier, where these structures mark periods of glacier retreat, highlighting that micrite is a palaeoglaciological proxy (Luetscher et al, 2011).…”

Section: Micrite Fabricmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Frisia & Borsato (2010) observed that, in temperate climate settings, C fabric forms under relatively constant discharge, low (up to 0. (Boch et al, 2011).…”

Section: Models Of Fabric Development: Baseline For Codingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, micrite fabrics characterizes stromatolite-like structures in speleothems from the Swiss Alps grown under a glacier, where these structures mark periods of glacier retreat, highlighting that micrite is a palaeoglaciological proxy (Luetscher et al, 2011). Stromatolite-like micrite layers were observed in Holocene stalagmites from a mid altitude cave in the Dolomites and in Pliocene stalagmitic flowstones from the Nullarbor, where they coincide with reduction or cessation of the common abiotic speleothem growth processes (Frisia & Borsato, 2010;Frisia et al, 2012). Epifluorescence (UV) observations support the hypothesis that micrite fabric in stromatolitic-like structures is related to organic compounds and, most likely, to microbial laminae (Fig.…”

Section: Micrite Fabricmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frisia¹

2015

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Section: Micrite Fabricmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Frisia & Borsato (2010) observed that, in temperate climate settings, C fabric forms under relatively constant discharge, low (up to 0. (Boch et al, 2011).…”

Section: Models Of Fabric Development: Baseline For Codingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Micrite Fabricmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frisia¹

2015

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“…HS4 calcite is milky, opaque, and porous, with a fabric dominantly characterized as open columnar using the terminology of Frisia and Borsato (2010). Speleothem calcite for the twentieth century record of a 14 C was drilled parallel to growth lamina as powder using a New Wave Research micromill.…”

Section: Speleothem Calcitementioning

confidence: 99%

Radiocarbon evidence for decomposition of aged organic matter in the vadose zone as the main source of speleothem carbon

Noronha

Johnson

Southon

et al. 2015

Quaternary Science Reviews

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a b s t r a c tSeveral recent studies have used records of the radiocarbon ( 14 C) bomb peak in speleothems to inversely model the soil a 14 CO 2 and the age distribution of soil organic material (SOM) above caves, in part to investigate the potential of speleothems as sensitive records of past SOM dynamics. The results of these modeling studies have suggested that soil CO 2 at karst sites is derived primarily from the decomposition of SOM with turnover times on the order of decades to centuries. This result is in stark contrast with observations of soil a 14 CO 2 at non-karst sites, which indicate that soil CO 2 is derived primarily from root respiration and decomposition of SOM with much shorter turnover times. This discrepancy suggests that SOM in karst settings may have a very different age distribution than sites that have been studied previously and/or that soil CO 2 is not the main source of speleothem carbon. To help resolve this discrepancy, we present an improved inverse model which we use to estimate the age of CO 2 above several caves. We also present results from a detailed case study of soil carbon dynamics at Heshang Cave, China. This work demonstrates that SOM in karst sites may be much older than SOM in non-karst soils that have been studied previously, but that CO 2 produced in the shallow soil zone is unlikely to be the main source of speleothem carbon. A review of the literature suggests that the most likely explanation for the aforementioned discrepancy is that decomposition of down-washed SOM in the vadose zone is the dominant source of speleothem carbon.

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“…The other layers consist of elongated open and compact columnar calcite (cf. Frisia et al, 2000;Frisia and Borsato, 2010). On the basis of the identical microstratigraphy in the two samples, a similar microsampling strategy was performed in order to double check the age of the calcite overgrowth on the hominin bone.…”

Section: U/th Dating and Petrographymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neanderthal in the karst: First dating, morphometric, and paleogenetic data on the fossil skeleton from Altamura (Italy)

Lari

Vincenzo

Borsato

et al. 2015

Journal of Human Evolution

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a b s t r a c tIn 1993, a fossil hominin skeleton was discovered in the karst caves of Lamalunga, near Altamura, in southern Italy. Despite the fact that this specimen represents one of the most extraordinary hominin specimens ever found in Europe, for the last two decades our knowledge of it has been based purely on the documented on-site observations. Recently, the retrieval from the cave of a fragment of bone (part of the right scapula) allowed the first dating of the individual, the quantitative analysis of a diagnostic morphological feature, and a preliminary paleogenetic characterization of this hominin skeleton from Altamura. Overall, the results concur in indicating that it belongs to the hypodigm of Homo neanderthalensis, with some phenetic peculiarities that appear consistent with a chronology ranging from 172 ± 15 ka to 130.1 ± 1.9 ka. Thus, the skeleton from Altamura represents the most ancient Neanderthal from which endogenous DNA has ever been extracted.

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Chapter 6 Karst

Cited by 93 publications

References 73 publications

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Radiocarbon evidence for decomposition of aged organic matter in the vadose zone as the main source of speleothem carbon

The Neanderthal in the karst: First dating, morphometric, and paleogenetic data on the fossil skeleton from Altamura (Italy)

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