Chapter 4 The Ignimbrite Flare-Up and Graben Calderas of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico

Aguirre‐Díaz, Gerardo J.; Labarthe-Hernández, Guillermo; Tristán-González, Margarito; Nieto‐Obregón, Jorge; Gutiérrez-Palomares, Isaac

doi:10.1016/s1871-644x(07)00004-6

Cited by 44 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…The close interaction between the ignimbrite deposition and the activity at the western tip of the WPF, as evidenced by stratigraphic relationships, can also be extrapolated to the Acambay fault, which could have infl uenced the formation of the Bañí ignimbrite if model B.1 is correct; i.e., Bañí ignimbrite emplacement could have been on August 19, 2015 geosphere.gsapubs.org Downloaded from syntectonic with faulting along the Acambay fault. The correlation between ignimbrites and extensional faults has been observed in older ignimbrites of Mexico related to Basin and Range faulting (Aguirre-Díaz and Labarthe-Hernández, 2003;Aguirre-Díaz et al, 2008). In model A.1, the Bañí ignimbrite would not be related to any paleoseismic event recorded in the Acambay fault; alternatively, it could have been infl uenced by the major neighboring Venta de Bravo fault, or simply associated with the Pastores fault rupturing.…”

Section: Simultaneous Activity Of the Pastores And Acambay Faultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Holocene paleo-earthquakes recorded at the transfer zone of two major faults: The Pastores and Venta de Bravo faults (Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt)

et al. 2015

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We present evidence of fi ve late Holocene earthquake ruptures observed at two paleoseismological trenches in the Laguna Bañí sag pond (Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, central Mexico). The trenches exposed two fault branches of the western termination of the Pastores fault, one of the major fault systems within the central Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. The site was studied by combining geomorphological and structural approaches, volcanic mapping, ground-penetrating radar, and paleoseismological analysis. The study revealed that coseismic surface rupture was noncharacteristic, and that the exposed fault branches had not always moved simultaneously. The fault tip has ruptured at least 5 times within the past 4 k.y., and the rupture events followed and preceded the deposition of an ignimbrite. The close temporal relationship of the seismic rupture with the volcanic activity of the area could be the result of volcanism triggered by faulting and its associated seismicity. The relatively high recurrence of seismic events (1.1-2.6 k.y.) and the noncharacteristic fault behavior observed at this tip of the Pastores fault suggest that the fault might have been active as a primary fault rupturing along segments of variable length or depth, and/or that the fault ruptured eventually as a secondary fault. The secondary ruptures would likely be related to earthquakes produced at major neighboring faults such as the Acambay fault, which moved during the 1912 Acambay earthquake, or the Venta de Bravo fault. A relatively large slip rate estimated for this fault branch (0.23-0.37 mm/yr) leads us to contemplate the possible connection at depth between the Pastores and the Venta de Bravo faults, increasing the maximum expected magnitude for central Mexico.

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Section: Simultaneous Activity Of the Pastores And Acambay Faultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Holocene paleo-earthquakes recorded at the transfer zone of two major faults: The Pastores and Venta de Bravo faults (Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt)

et al. 2015

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“…In this case, it is interpreted that these calderas start forming since the beginning of the eruption without needing (significant) decompression of the magma chamber (Gudmundsson et al, 1997;Martí et al, 2009). Examples of this type of caldera are La Pacana (e.g., Gardeweg and Ramirez, 1987), Cerro Galán (Folkes et al, 2011), Aguas Calientes (Petrinovic et al, 2010); El Abrigo (Pittari et al, 2008), Bolaños graben caldera (Aguirre-Díaz et al, 2008).…”

Section: Tectonic Settings Of Lcfes and Eruption Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Field Control during Large Caldera-Forming Eruptions

Costa

Martı́

2016

Front. Earth Sci.

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Crustal stress field can have a significant influence on the way magma is channeled through the crust and erupted explosively at the surface. Large Caldera Forming Eruptions (LCFEs) can erupt hundreds to thousands of cubic kilometers of magma in a relatively short time along fissures under the control of a far-field extensional stress. The associated eruption intensities are estimated in the range 10 9 -10 11 kg/s. We analyse syn-eruptive dynamics of LCFEs, by simulating numerically explosive flow of magma through a shallow dyke conduit connected to a shallow magma (3-5 km deep) chamber that in turn is fed by a deeper magma reservoir (>∼10 km deep), both under the action of an extensional far-field stress. Results indicate that huge amounts of high viscosity silicic magma ( 10 7 > Pa s) can be erupted over timescales of a few to several hours. Our study provides answers to outstanding questions relating to the intensity and duration of catastrophic volcanic eruptions in the past. In addition, it presents far-reaching implications for the understanding of dynamics and intensity of large-magnitude volcanic eruptions on Earth and to highlight the necessity of a future research to advance our knowledge of these rare catastrophic events.

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“…Martí 1991Martí , 1996Branney & Kokelaar 1994;Moore & Kokelaar 1997Cole et al 2005;Spinks et al 2005;Aguirre-Díaz et al 2008;Petrinovic et al 2010). Therefore, the Sañicó sub-basin may be interpreted as another example of a calderalike structure, related to calc-alkaline volcanism in an extensional setting, as there is a clear pre-existing tectonic control on caldera subsidence instead of a typical ring fault system formed by decompression of a magma chamber (for a review see Martí et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Volcanism associated with extensional basins may show a wide range of compositions, eruptive styles and structures, from large calderas to monogenetic volcanic fields (e.g. Janecke et al 1997;Best & Christiansen 2001;Spinks et al 2005;Mora-Klepeis & McDowell 2004;Abebe et al 2007;Aguirre-Díaz et al 2008;Negrete-Aranda & Cañón-Tapia 2008;Rowland et al 2010). The lithospheric structure and the extensional stress regime of the rifting areas are two of the most important factors that control the style and temporal-spatial distribution of magmatism and volcanism in these settings (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Muravchik et al 2011). In the last two decades, many researchers have characterized various calderas developed in extensional and transtensional settings, showing their stratigraphic and structural complexities, such as contrasting eruption styles, incremental collapse, changes of the caldera depocentres between succeeding collapses, departure from the typical caldera shape and absence of ring faults (Martí 1991(Martí , 1996Moore & Kokelaar 1997Acocella , 2007Spinks et al 2005;Aguirre-Díaz et al 2008;Cole et al 2010;Petrinovic et al 2010).…”

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Caldera events in a rift depocentre: an example from the Jurassic Neuquén basin, Argentina

D’Elía

Martı́

2013

JGS

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We analyse the volcanic stratigraphy of the Lower Jurassic synrift sequence of the Sañicó depocentre, which is a sub-basin of one of the most important hydrocarbon basins in South America, the Neuquén rift basin. The Sañicó depocentre comprises a complex multicyclic volcano-sedimentary succession. The oldest part of the succession preserves a volcano-sedimentary sequence interpreted as the record of a stratovolcano. The middle part of the succession is characterized by the emplacement of two thick ignimbrites that completely filled the depocentre. Finally, the uppermost part of the succession records subordinate volcanism characterized by andesitic lavas associated with epiclastic sediments. The Sañicó depocentre shows a complex subsidence history that involves an interplay between tectonics and volcanism. During the early and late synrift phases, subsidence was relatively slow and permitted the accumulation of thick sequences of volcanic and sedimentary deposits throughout a long period of time. During the middle synrift phase, subsidence was very rapid and allowed the accumulation of a thick ignimbrite sequence in a very short time interval. In this study, this middle episode is interpreted as corresponding to a caldera-like event in which rapid subsidence occurred along the same normal faults that controlled tectonic subsidence during the previous and subsequent episodes.

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Chapter 4 The Ignimbrite Flare-Up and Graben Calderas of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico

Cited by 44 publications

References 49 publications

Holocene paleo-earthquakes recorded at the transfer zone of two major faults: The Pastores and Venta de Bravo faults (Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt)

Holocene paleo-earthquakes recorded at the transfer zone of two major faults: The Pastores and Venta de Bravo faults (Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt)

Stress Field Control during Large Caldera-Forming Eruptions

Caldera events in a rift depocentre: an example from the Jurassic Neuquén basin, Argentina

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