Chapter 4 The Central Basin

Harland, W. B.; Kelly, Simon R. A.; Geddes, Isobel; Doubleday, P. A.

doi:10.1144/gsl.mem.1997.017.01.04

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Later studies have shown that the only substantial Toarcian deposits in the Svalbard archipelago are found in Kong Karls Land, and these deposits consist mainly of sandstones (Harland et al, 1997;Mørk et al, 1999). This does not resemble the description of the black paper shales in which L. nathorsti was found by Nathorst (1901), Ginsburg & Janvier (1974) or Nybelin (1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This does not resemble the description of the black paper shales in which L. nathorsti was found by Nathorst (1901), Ginsburg & Janvier (1974) or Nybelin (1974). The only recent find of Toarcian ammonites in central and eastern Spitsbergen is in the Brentskardhaugen Bed (Bäckström & Nagy, 1985), which is a reworked conglomerate deposit marking the end of a hiatus (Harland et al, 1997;Mørk et al, 1999). Black paper shales are characteristic for the Oppdalen and Lardyfjellet members of the Agardhfjellet Formation (Dypvik, 1984;Mørk et al, 1999;Koevoets et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Late Jurassic teleost remains from the Agardhfjellet Formation, Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Koevoets¹,

Hurum²,

Hammer³

2018

NJG

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The Agardhfjellet Formation (Middle Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous) of Svalbard (Norwegian Arctic) is well known for its abundant and unique marine reptile fauna, of ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs. In an attempt to reconstruct the palaeoecology and palaeoenvironment of the Agardhfjellet Formation, a study of the invertebrate fauna, geochemistry and stratigraphy was conducted. During this study numerous small vertebrate fossils were encountered. Only a few reports of Jurassic teleost from the Arctic were known previously, from the Agardhfjellet Formation on Svenskøya, Kong Karls Land, described as Leptolepis nathorsti, and at Lardyfjellet, East Spitsbergen. We describe more teleost material from the Kimmeridgian and Volgian of the Agardhfjellet Formation in central Spitsbergen and assign a new age, Kimmeridgian, to the original material. This new material also provides more information on the palaeoecology of the Jurassic of Svalbard, showing that fish were probably common in the pelagic fauna of central Spitsbergen together with the better known cephalopods, and could have been important elements of the diet of the marine reptiles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Late Jurassic teleost remains from the Agardhfjellet Formation, Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Koevoets¹,

Hurum²,

Hammer³

2018

NJG

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“…The Central Tertiary Basin comprises approximately 2300 m of stratigraphy formed of six formations collectively termed the Van Meijfjorden Group [28] and is exposed in southern Spitsbergen (Figure 2). It formerly had a greater extent but substantial post-depositional uplift [29] caused only small outliers to remain in northern Spitsbergen [30].…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Eurekan Mountains on Cenozoic Sediment Routing on the Western Barents Shelf

Flowerdew¹,

Fleming

Chew

et al. 2023

Geosciences

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The importance of topography generated by Eocene Eurekan deformation as a sediment source for sandstones deposited on the western Barents Shelf margin is evaluated through a sediment provenance study conducted on wellbore materials retrieved from Spitsbergen and from the Vestbakken Volcanic Province and the Sørvestsnaget Basin in the southwest Barents Sea. A variety of complementary techniques record a provenance change across the Paleocene-Eocene boundary in wellbore BH 10-2008, which samples Paleogene strata of the Central Tertiary Basin in Spitsbergen. Sandstones containing K-feldspar with radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions, chrome spinel in the heavy mineral assemblage, and detrital zircons and rutiles with prominent Palaeoproterozoic and Late Palaeozoic—Early Mesozoic U-Pb age populations are up-section replaced by sandstone containing albitic plagioclase feldspar, metasedimentary schist rock fragments, a heavy mineral assemblage with abundant chloritoid, metamorphic apatite with low REE contents, metapelitic rutile with Silurian U-Pb ages and zircons with predominantly Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic U-Pb age populations. Our results clearly demonstrate the well-known regional change in source area from an exposed Barents Shelf terrain east of the Central Tertiary Basin during the Paleocene to the emerging Eurekan mountains west and north of the Central Tertiary Basin during the Eocene. Eocene sandstones deposited in the marginal basins of the southwestern Barents Shelf, which were sampled in wellbores 7316/5-1 and 7216/11-1S, contain elements of both the Eurekan and the eastern Barents Shelf provenance signatures. The mixing of the two sand types and delivery to the southwest margin of the Barents Shelf is consistent with a fill and spill model for the Central Teritary Basin, with transport of Eurekan-derived sediment east then south hundreds of kilometres across the Shelf.

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“…The strata in Svalbard have been shaped by several orogenic events, including the West Spitsbergen Fold and Thrust Belt (WSFTB) in the Palaeogene. Early Cretaceous magmatism introduced a system of dykes and sills as well as lava flows into the stratigraphy, whilst glaciations and periglacial events over the last 100 ka have shaped the present-day landscape and modern exposure patterns (Harland et al, 1997;Henriksen et al, 2011;Senger et al, 2014). Following the last ice age, approximately two-thirds of the archipelago remains covered by glaciers, with the remainder affected by periglacial processes, permafrost and featuring almost no vegetation (Humlum et al, 2003).…”

Section: The Study Area and Outcrop Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

High resolution digital outcrop model of faults and fractures in caprock shales, Konusdalen West, central Spitsbergen

Betlem

Birchall²,

Lord³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry has become an important tool for quantitative characterisation of outcrops. Digital outcrop models (DOMs) allow for the mapping of stratigraphy and discontinuous structures like folds, faults and fractures from cm to km scale and provide solutions that are difficult to constrain through subsurface data alone. With pristine, treeless exposures, the outcropping strata in Svalbard, Arctic Norway, hold exceptional potential for analogue studies and are ideally suited for the acquisition of high-resolution DOMs. We here present the acquisition, processing and integration of the Konusdalen West digital model data set, comprising both DOM and derived digital terrain model (DTM) data. Dronebased image acquisition took place over two weeks in July and August 2020. Fifteen differential GNSS control points were used to georeference and quality assure the model, five of which functioning as reference checkpoints. SfM processing of 5512 acquired images resulted in high-confidence, cm-scale resolution point clouds, textured mesh (DOM), tiled model, orthomosaics, and a DTM. The confidence-filtered dense cloud features a median inter-point distance of 1.57 cm and has an average point density of 3824.9 points m-2. For the five checkpoints, the dense cloud features root mean square errors of 2.0 cm in X, 1.3 cm in Y, 5.2 cm in Z, and 5.7 cm in XYZ. Drops in point confidence and point density are mainly found in areas with reduced image densities, and on the backside of boulders. Increased confidences and densities are present along the western flank of the Konusdalen West outcrop, where a fault-fracture network in mudstone-dominated stata is best exposed and photographed most extensively. The Konusdalen West DOM and DTM cover a 0.12 km2 area and span a 170 m elevation difference. The mean of the altitude of the checkpoints versus elevation of the dense cloud-derived DTM differed by less than a cm. The dense cloud-derived DTM closely matches an existing lower-resolution reference DTM of the area. The DOM covers the upper two-third of the mudstonedominated Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Agardhfjellet Formation. The Agardhfjellet Formation and its time-equivalents are regional cap rocks for CO2 sequestration and petroleum accumulations both on the offshore Barents Shelf and onshore Svalbard. Faults, formation members and established marker beds can be traced in the high-resolution model and have been used for the stratigraphic integration. Additional structural measurements and observations were taken in June 2021 to place the data in the geological context. Top and side-view orthomosaics feature maximum resolutions of 8 mm per pixel, enabling the mapping of fractures and other sub-cm features. The Konusdalen West digital model data set, together with the extensive drill cores through the same section near Longyearbyen, forms an ideal starting point for the generation of high-resolution, outcrop-truthed geomodels that are suitable for numerical modelling of fluid flow and appraisal of the regionally important caprock. Data described in this manuscript can be accessed at Norstore under https://doi.org/10.11582/2022.00027 (Betlem, 2022b).

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Chapter 4 The Central Basin

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

New Late Jurassic teleost remains from the Agardhfjellet Formation, Spitsbergen, Svalbard

New Late Jurassic teleost remains from the Agardhfjellet Formation, Spitsbergen, Svalbard

The Importance of Eurekan Mountains on Cenozoic Sediment Routing on the Western Barents Shelf

High resolution digital outcrop model of faults and fractures in caprock shales, Konusdalen West, central Spitsbergen

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