Chapter 4. Raman spectroscopy

Gerrard, D.L.; Birnie, J.

doi:10.1039/pc9888500077

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Raman spectroscopy was found to be applicable to monitor microgel syntheses since the monomer CC bonds are Raman active. [16] The utilization of water as a rather Raman-inactive solvent [17] enables detection of weak peaks as well. The homopolymerization of microgels based on N-vinylcaprolactam (VCL) was thus monitored using in-line Raman spectroscopy and multivariate indirect hard modeling (IHM) regression.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/mren201700067mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring Microgel Synthesis by Copolymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide and N‐vinylcaprolactam via In‐Line Raman Spectroscopy and Indirect Hard Modeling

Meyer-Kirschner

Kather

Ksiazkiewicz

et al. 2018

Macro Reaction Engineering

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Functionalized microgels are typically based on structured copolymers, whose synthesis necessitates knowledge of interactions between different monomer units. This contribution presents in‐line Raman and turbidity monitoring of copolymer microgels based on monomers N‐vinylcaprolactam (VCL) and N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM). During reaction, in‐line Raman spectra are evaluated via multivariate indirect hard modeling (IHM) regression, utilizing pure component models based on parameterized peak functions. To account for variation in Raman baseline intensity, the linear IHM baseline is replaced by a curved baseline, resulting in calibration R² above 0.98 and root‐mean‐squared errors of cross‐validation below 0.12 wt%. Spectra taken in‐line during microgel syntheses reveal NIPAM to react slower than VCL in homopolymerization, but faster than VCL in copolymerization. This effect can be used for synthesis of functional microgels, that is, with tunable volume phase transition temperature. This effect is not visible from turbidity measurements, demonstrating the advantage of in‐line Raman monitoring of chemical components in polymerization processes.

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Section: Doi: 101002/mren201700067mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raman spectroscopy was found to be applicable to monitor microgel syntheses since the monomer CC bonds are Raman active . The utilization of water as a rather Raman‐inactive solvent enables detection of weak peaks as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Microgel Synthesis by Copolymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide and N‐vinylcaprolactam via In‐Line Raman Spectroscopy and Indirect Hard Modeling

Meyer-Kirschner

Kather

Ksiazkiewicz

et al. 2018

Macro Reaction Engineering

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show abstract

“…In the past 2 years the first book to appear for some time on the practice of Raman spectroscopy has been produced (2). Reports have appeared on the methods and application of the technique (3,4) the principles of linear and nonlinear techniques (5), recent (6) and predicted future (7) trends, and theoretical aspects (8). The dramatic upsurge in interest in near-infrared-excited Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy is reflected in several reviews covering instrument development and the use of fiber optics (9,10), inorganic and organometallic studies (11), possible future advances (12), the study of polymeric biomaterials and drug delivery systems (13), its use in an industrial environment (14), and studies of materials and compounds of biological importance (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%