Chapter 3 The Recognition of Soft-Sediment Deformations as Early-Diagenetic Features – a Literature Review

Specific erosional and depositional processes in a pleistocene subglacial tunnel in the wielkopolska region, poland

“…The graben‐like deformation structure noted in the base of unit II is interpreted as a gravifossum (gravity‐induced elongated depression). Similar structures have been described by van Loon and Wiggers (1976) and van Loon (1992, 2009) from lagoonal subrecent sediments in The Netherlands, and by Brodzikowski and van Loon (1979) and Gruszka and van Loon (2011) from glaciogenic deposits. The Cieśle graben‐like deformation probably formed as a result of subsidence due to ongoing melting of an underlying, buried ice float in combination with gradual loading due to aggradation of unit II.…”

“…The graben-like deformation structure noted in the base of unit II is interpreted as a gravifossum (gravity-induced elongated depression). Similar structures have been described by van Loon and Wiggers (1976) and van Loon (1992van Loon ( , 2009) from lagoonal subrecent sediments in The Netherlands,…”

Sedimentary imprints of former ice-sheet margins: Insights from an end-Ordovician archive (SW Libya)

“…Resulting structures are randomly oriented, needle-like, several millimetres in width and 2-10 cm in length. When the temperature increases, the ice needles melts, leaving ice-crystal marks in the sediment (Van Loon, 1992). Comparable marks referred to as reticulate chaotic cryostructures also form into syngenetic permafrost, in alluvial, aeolian or colluvial settings subjected to cold climate conditions.…”

Distinguishing between tectonic and periglacial deformations of quaternary continental deposits in Europe

“…Tension fissures evolving in pockets by erosion (free runoff or piping), often with a tilted stratified infill (Fig. 5E), may occur by progressive subsidence (fault creep or simple consolidation) leading to sink deformation similar to the ''gravifossum'' described by Van Loon (1992) and Van Loon and Wiggers (1976). These forms are much narrower than those developed by periglacial thermokarst.…”