Chapter 3. Osteoclast Biology and Bone Resorption

Ross, F. Patrick

doi:10.1002/9780470623992.ch3

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The space between the osteoclast and the underlying bone becomes an isolated microenvironment into which the osteoclast's proton pump releases ions that generate an acidic environment, dissolving the mineralized component of the bone matrix. The organic matrix becomes exposed and is subsequently degraded by cathepsin K [ 41 ]. The reversal phase of bone remodeling begins with mononuclear cells preparing the bone surface for new osteoblasts and providing signals to recruit them.…”

Section: Bone Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MicroRNA biogenesis and regulation of bone remodeling

2011

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. This review will highlight our current understanding of miRNA biogenesis and mechanisms of action, and will summarize recent work on the role of miRNAs, including the miR-29 family, in bone remodeling. These studies represent the first steps in demonstrating the importance of miRNAs in the control of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and function. An in-depth understanding of the roles of these regulatory RNAs in the skeleton will be critical for the development of new therapeutics aimed at treating bone loss and perhaps facilitating fracture repair.

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Section: Bone Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Osteoclasts are derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Differentiation into osteoclasts is dependent on multiple extracellular signaling molecules, including macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF), receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), tumor necrosis factor, interferon gamma, and inter-leukins [ 41 ].…”

Section: Bone Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA biogenesis and regulation of bone remodeling

2011

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“…( 27 , 28 ) Sustained high levels of PTH or PTHrP upregulate osteoblast expression of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and downregulate their expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG); the result is stimulation of osteoclast differentiation, osteoclast function, and bone resorption. ( 31 )…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal recovery after weaning does not require PTHrP

Kirby

Ardeshirpour

Woodrow

et al. 2011

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Mice lose 20% to 25% of trabecular bone mineral content (BMC) during lactation and restore it after weaning through unknown mechanisms. We found that tibial Pthrp mRNA expression was upregulated fivefold by 7 days after weaning versus end of lactation in wild-type (WT) mice. To determine whether parathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP) stimulates bone formation after weaning, we studied a conditional knockout in which PTHrP is deleted from preosteoblasts and osteoblasts by collagen I promoter–driven Cre (CreColI). These mice are osteopenic as adults but have normal serum calcium, calcitriol, and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Pairs of Pthrpflox/flox;CreColI (null) and WT;CreColI (WT) females were mated and studied through pregnancy, lactation, and 3 weeks of postweaning recovery. By end of lactation, both genotypes lost lumbar spine BMC: WT declined by 20.6% ± 3.3%, and null decreased by 22.5% ± 3.5% (p < .0001 versus baseline; p = NS between genotypes). During postweaning recovery, both restored BMC to baseline: WT to –3.6% ± 3.7% and null to 0.3% ± 3.7% (p = NS versus baseline or between genotypes). Similar loss and full recovery of BMC were seen at the whole body and hind limb. Histomorphometry confirmed that nulls had lower bone mass at baseline and that this was equal to the value achieved after weaning. Osteocalcin, propeptide of type 1 collagen (P1NP), and deoxypyridinoline increased equally during recovery in WT and null mice; PTH decreased and calcitriol increased equally; serum calcium was unchanged. Urine calcium increased during recovery but remained no different between genotypes. Although osteoblast-derived PTHrP is required to maintain adult bone mass and Pthrp mRNA upregulates in bone after weaning, it is not required for recovery of bone mass after lactation. The factors that stimulate postweaning bone formation remain unknown. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

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“…It is known that some cytokines produced in response to the inflammatory stimulus, such as interleukin 1, have a powerful effect in stimulating the formation of osteoclasts [107][108][109]. Formation of new bone and resorption of the existing bone tissue are normally balanced in the body, ensuring the so-called bone homeostasis, but in conditions of prolonged inflammatory response, such as those naturally present in the areas where the teeth emerge in the oral cavity and in the peri-implant areas, the pro-osteoclastogenic action of cytokines leads to the onset of resorption phenomena.…”

Section: Development Of Biomaterials Functionalized With Polyphenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentials of Polyphenols in Bone-Implant Devices

Torre¹,

Iviglia²,

Cassinelli³

et al. 2018

Polyphenols

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Knowledge of bioactive plant-derived polyphenols is growing to such an extent that science interest is looking at development of different applications in regenerative medicine through new and state-of-the-art tissue engineering technologies. Due to their well-established and demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory beneficial properties, polyphenols have been extensively investigated to the extent that they provide benefits to different pathological conditions, including cardiovascular and bone diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. By taking into account the main molecular pathways of polyphenols' action, we want to focus this chapter on applications of polyphenols in boneimplant devices. In particular, results of polyphenols' effects on bone cells and tissues following local delivery from innovative biomaterials will be discussed, together with preliminary in vivo tests. Purpose of the dissertation is to provide the reader new insights into knowledge of polyphenols not only regarding the different molecular mechanisms involved in their action but also the biological responses deriving from local applications.

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Chapter 3. Osteoclast Biology and Bone Resorption

Cited by 12 publications

References 55 publications

MicroRNA biogenesis and regulation of bone remodeling

MicroRNA biogenesis and regulation of bone remodeling

Skeletal recovery after weaning does not require PTHrP

Potentials of Polyphenols in Bone-Implant Devices

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