Chapter 29: The neurotrophic hypothesis and the cholinergic basal forebrain projection

Lucidi-Phillipi, Carrie A.; Gage, Fred H.

doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62405-x

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…The olfactory bulb receives its cholinergic projections predominantly from the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca. In our experiment, retrograde labeling combined with ChAT and nestin immunofluorescence suggested that approximately 22.2% of cholinergic neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca area projected to the olfactory bulb, which was in agreement with previously reported studies[232930]. Our experiment also suggested that nestin + and nestin - cholinergic neurons projected to the olfactory bulb.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Special function of nestin ⁺ neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats

Yu-hong

et al. 2014

Neural Regen Res

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Nestin+ neurons have been shown to express choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats. This study explored the projection of nestin+ neurons to the olfactory bulb and the time course of nestin+ neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats during injury recovery after olfactory nerve transection. This study observed that all nestin+ neurons were double-labeled with ChAT in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca. Approximately 53.6% of nestin+ neurons were projected to the olfactory bulb and co-labeled with fast blue. A large number of nestin+ neurons were not present in each region of the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca. Nestin+ neurons in the medial septum and vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca showed obvious compensatory function. The number of nestin+ neurons decreased to a minimum later than nestin-/ChAT+ neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca. The results suggest that nestin+ cholinergic neurons may have a closer connection to olfactory bulb neurons. Nestin+ cholinergic neurons may have a stronger tolerance to injury than Nestin-/ChAT+ neurons. The difference between nestin+ and nestin-/ChAT+ neurons during the recovery process requires further investigations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Special function of nestin ⁺ neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats

Yu-hong

et al. 2014

Neural Regen Res

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“…A ‘cholinergic hypothesis’ of neuronal vulnerability in the central nervous system is thought to contribute to the cognitive decline observed in ageing and neurodegenerative disease (for reviews 64,65 ). Cholinergic neuron dysfunction may involve alterations in the neurotrophic interrelationships between basal forebrain neurons and their targets in the cortex and hippocampus 36,66 …”

Section: Basic Science Perspectives Of Neuromuscular Interactions In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric neurodegeneration in ageing

Camilleri

Cowen

Koch

2008

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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The objective of this article is to review the clinical presentation and neurobiology of degeneration of the enteric nervous system with emphasis on human data where available. Constipation, incontinence and evacuation disorders are frequently encountered in the ageing population. Healthy lower gastrointestinal function is essential for successful ageing as it is critical to maintaining independence and autonomy to pursue further activity. One clinical expression of enteric neurodegeneration is constipation. However, the aetiology may be multifactorial as disturbances of epithelial, muscle or neural function may all result from neurodegeneration. There is evidence of loss of excitatory (e.g. cholinergic) enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal, whereas inhibitory (including nitrergic) neurons appear unaffected. Understanding neurodegeneration in the enteric nervous system is key to developing treatments to reverse it. Neurotrophins have been shown to accelerate colonic transit and relieve constipation in the medium term; they are also implicated in maintenance programmes in adult enteric neurons through a role in antioxidant defence. However, their effects in ageing colon require further study. There is evidence that 5-HT(2) and 5-HT(4) mechanisms are involved in development, maintenance and survival of enteric neurons. Further research is needed to understand and potentially reverse enteric neurodegeneration.

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“…It is important to note that the functional development of sensory‐perceptual, motor control, cognition and mnemonic, affiliative and modulatory control systems are inextricably intertwined. To cite one simple example, the nucleus basalis, which releases aceytcholine as a critical enabler of learning‐induced plasticity (Kilgard & Merzenich 1998; Weinberger 1993, 1998), receives trophic factors regulating its functional maturation from the developing cerebral cortex (Lucidi‐Phillipi & Gage 1993). Premature or delayed cortical maturation, as occurs in the noise‐manipulated auditory cortex discussed earlier, results in the premature or delayed maturation of this very important modulatory control nucleus.…”

Section: Neural Systems Implicated In Autismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model of autism: increased ratio of excitation/inhibition in key neural systems

Rubenstein¹,

Merzenich

2003

Genes Brain and Behavior

2,267

124

1,839

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Autism is a severe neurobehavioral syndrome, arising largely as an inherited disorder, which can arise from several diseases. Despite recent advances in identifying some genes that can cause autism, its underlying neurological mechanisms are uncertain. Autism is best conceptualized by considering the neural systems that may be defective in autistic individuals. Recent advances in understanding neural systems that process sensory information, various types of memories and social and emotional behaviors are reviewed and compared with known abnormalities in autism. Then, specific genetic abnormalities that are linked with autism are examined. Synthesis of this information leads to a model that postulates that some forms of autism are caused by an increased ratio of excitation/inhibition in sensory, mnemonic, social and emotional systems. The model further postulates that the increased ratio of excitation/inhibition can be caused by combinatorial effects of genetic and environmental variables that impinge upon a given neural system. Furthermore, the model suggests potential therapeutic interventions.

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Chapter 29: The neurotrophic hypothesis and the cholinergic basal forebrain projection

Cited by 25 publications

References 90 publications

Special function of nestin ⁺ neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats

Special function of nestin ⁺ neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats

Enteric neurodegeneration in ageing

Model of autism: increased ratio of excitation/inhibition in key neural systems

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Chapter 29: The neurotrophic hypothesis and the cholinergic basal forebrain projection

Cited by 25 publications

References 90 publications

Special function of nestin + neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats

Special function of nestin + neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats

Enteric neurodegeneration in ageing

Model of autism: increased ratio of excitation/inhibition in key neural systems

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Product

Resources

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Special function of nestin ⁺ neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats

Special function of nestin ⁺ neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca in adult rats