Chapter 21 Fossil fuels

Philp, R. Paul; Heras, F. Xavier de las

doi:10.1016/s0301-4770(08)61514-6

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Compounds with heteroatom elements (S, O, N) usually are pyrolyzed with the formation of H 2 S, H 2 O, NH 3 , and heterocyclic compounds. Approximately 80% of the organic sulfur in shale oil occurs as thiophenic compounds with the remainder as thiols, sulfides, and disulfides. − Since thiophenes are the most stable form of organic sulfur compounds and the simplest homologues are the most stable form of thiophenes, thermal treating may be used as a method for simplifying the composition of the sulfur-containing compounds of shale oil and for concentrating thiophenes in it. Sulfur compounds are usually pyrolyzed with the formation of H 2 S and thiophene derivatives or other thermostable heterocyclic compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Pyrolysis of the Products of the Thermal Destruction of High-Sulfur Oil Shale

1997

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Secondary pyrolysis of products of Israeli oil shale processing was studied in a two-stage bench-scale unit. The gas and oil vapors generated from the primary pyrolysis were sent to the converter for the secondary pyrolysis at temperatures of 650−820 °C. The oil yield on kerogen decreased from 35.3% at the pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C to 15.4% at 820 °C. The gas yield increased in the same temperature range from 10.7 to 25.5%. The yields of hydrogen, methane, ethylene, and carbon monoxide increased with temperature, whereas yields of alkanes decreased. The secondary pyrolysis enables us to simplify substantially the composition of the primary shale oil. The higher the severity of the conversion, the higher the yield of the simplest homologuesthiophene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, thionaphthene, and dibenzothiopheneand the lower the yield of alkyl derivativestoluene, methylthiophenes, styrene, etc. Maximal content of methyl and dimethyl derivatives was observed at a temperature of 730 °C. The total thiophenes yield may be as high as 6.4% on oil shale organic matter, and this can be of practical interest because thiophenes are an important source for the production of light- and photoemitting polymers, materials for semiconductors, electrochemical cells, films, sensors, and other high-tech devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%