Chapter 21 Encoding-retrieval overlap in human episodic memory: A functional neuroimaging perspective

Rugg, Michael D.; Johnson, Jeffrey D.; Park, Heekyeong; Uncapher, Melina R.

doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(07)00021-0

Cited by 179 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Although we demonstrate a significant difference in reinstatement between correct and incorrect trials, one concern is that the observed differences in reinstatement arise as a result rather than a cause of successful retrieval (30). Although our experimental paradigm offers some control over when reinstatement and retrieval occur, our data are unable to explicitly distinguish causality between one and the other.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Reinstatement of distributed cortical oscillations occurs with precise spatiotemporal dynamics during successful memory retrieval

Yaffe

Kerr

Damera³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

122

132

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Reinstatement of neural activity is hypothesized to underlie our ability to mentally travel back in time to recover the context of a previous experience. We used intracranial recordings to directly examine the precise spatiotemporal extent of neural reinstatement as 32 participants with electrodes placed for seizure monitoring performed a paired-associates episodic verbal memory task. By cueing recall, we were able to compare reinstatement during correct and incorrect trials, and found that successful retrieval occurs with reinstatement of a gradually changing neural signal present during encoding. We examined reinstatement in individual frequency bands and individual electrodes and found that neural reinstatement was largely mediated by temporal lobe theta and high-gamma frequencies. Leveraging the high temporal precision afforded by intracranial recordings, our data demonstrate that high-gamma activity associated with reinstatement preceded theta activity during encoding, but during retrieval this difference in timing between frequency bands was absent. Our results build upon previous studies to provide direct evidence that successful retrieval involves the reinstatement of a temporal context, and that such reinstatement occurs with precise spatiotemporal dynamics.R einstatement of neural activity is hypothesized to underlie our ability to recover the internal representation of a previous experience, a process described as mental time travel (1-4). These internal representations, which may reflect the external environment or internal mental states, form the context in which an episodic memory is embedded. Central to the hypothesis of mental time travel is that context representations in the brain gradually change over time, and that successful retrieval of an episodic memory involves mentally jumping back in time to reexperience a particular context (5-8). Consistent with this paradigm, when an episode is successfully retrieved from memory, the memory for neighboring episodes that occurred close in time is enhanced, an effect known as contiguity (9). However, despite substantial behavioral data supporting this hypothesis, a number of important yet unanswered questions remain regarding its underlying neural mechanisms.Empiric support for neural reinstatement has largely emerged from functional MRI (fMRI) studies that have used multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) (10-12). MVPA relies on classifying neural activity during retrieval to dissociate broad manipulations such as category or task that are present during encoding (13-16). MVPA, however, is unable to directly examine whether successful retrieval reinstates the neural representations of individual items. Representational similarity analysis supports neural reinstatement of individual stimuli (17-19), but this alternative fMRI approach does not examine to what extent retrieval reinstates a changing neural representation of context. In addition, the limited temporal resolution of fMRI studies makes them unable to identify the precise spatiotemporal dynamics o...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Reinstatement of distributed cortical oscillations occurs with precise spatiotemporal dynamics during successful memory retrieval

Yaffe

Kerr

Damera³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

122

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Ben-Yakov et al rodent studies, is that retrieval entails reinstatement of brain activity that was elicited during encoding (Damasio 1989;McClelland et al 1995;reviewed in Buckner and Wheeler 2001;Rugg et al 2008;Danker and Anderson 2010;Rissman and Wagner 2012;Levy and Wagner 2013). Influential data-driven cognitive theories posited that the match between encoding and retrieval cues and between level of processing (e.g., in verbal memoranda) is pertinent for successful retrieval (Tulving and Thomson 1973;Morris et al 1977).…”

Section: Reinstatement Of Encoding Processes During Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there is compelling evidence that encoding-related brain activity is partially reinstated during retrieval, the overlapping activity is still a small fraction of the overall brain activity elicited during encoding and retrieval (Johnson and Rugg 2007;Rugg et al 2008;Daselaar et al 2009;Kim et al 2010). This may be caused by several contributing factors , such as features of the original experience that may not be encoded, or encoded but not retrieved.…”

Section: Reinstatement Of Encoding Processes During Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory Retrieval in Mice and Men

Ben-Yakov

Dudai

Mayford

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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Retrieval, the use of learned information, was until recently mostly terra incognita in the neurobiology of memory, owing to shortage of research methods with the spatiotemporal resolution required to identify and dissect fast reactivation or reconstruction of complex memories in the mammalian brain. The development of novel paradigms, model systems, and new tools in molecular genetics, electrophysiology, optogenetics, in situ microscopy, and functional imaging, have contributed markedly in recent years to our ability to investigate brain mechanisms of retrieval. We review selected developments in the study of explicit retrieval in the rodent and human brain. The picture that emerges is that retrieval involves coordinated fast interplay of sparse and distributed corticohippocampal and neocortical networks that may permit permutational binding of representational elements to yield specific representations. These representations are driven largely by the activity patterns shaped during encoding, but are malleable, subject to the influence of time and interaction of the existing memory with novel information.

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“…This idea has been manifested in the Transfer Appropriate Processing Framework, which states that the likelihood of retrieval success is dependent on the overlap between encoding and retrieval operations (Morris et al 1977;Roediger et al, 1989). Accordingly, the most effective encoding strategy depends on the specific conditions at retrieval and, conversely, what constitutes an optimal retrieval strategy depends on the conditions under which the information was encoded (Rugg et al, 2008). In line with this principle, previous behavioral studies have shown that recognition memory is enhanced when mental operations at encoding are recapitulated during a subsequent memory test (Dewhurst & Brandt, 2007;Morris et al, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…One possible strategy people use to facilitate memory retrieval is to re-implement the neurocognitive processes that were involved during encoding (Rugg et al, 2008). This idea has been manifested in the Transfer Appropriate Processing Framework, which states that the likelihood of retrieval success is dependent on the overlap between encoding and retrieval operations (Morris et al 1977;Roediger et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha oscillations during incidental encoding predict subsequent memory for new “foil” information

Vogelsang

Gruber

Bergström

et al. 2017

Preprint

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People can employ adaptive strategies to increase the likelihood that previously encoded information will be successfully retrieved. One such strategy is to constrain retrieval towards relevant information by re-implementing the neurocognitive processes that were engaged during encoding. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we examined the temporal dynamics with which constraining retrieval towards semantic versus non-semantic information affects the processing of new "foil" information encountered during a memory test. Time-frequency analysis of EEG data acquired during an initial study phase revealed that semantic compared to non-semantic processing was associated with alpha decreases in a left frontal electrode cluster from around 600ms after stimulus onset. Successful encoding of semantic versus nonsemantic foils during a subsequent memory test was related to decreases in alpha oscillatory activity in the same left frontal electrode cluster, which emerged relatively late in the trial at around 1000-1600ms after stimulus onset. Across subjects, left frontal alpha power elicited by semantic processing during the study phase correlated significantly with left frontal alpha power associated with semantic foil encoding during the memory test. Furthermore, larger left frontal alpha power decreases elicited by semantic foil encoding during the memory test predicted better subsequent semantic foil recognition in an additional surprise foil memory test. These findings indicate that constraining retrieval towards semantic information involves re-implementing semantic encoding operations that are mediated by alpha oscillations, and that such re-implementation occurs at a late stage of memory retrieval perhaps reflecting additional monitoring processes.

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Chapter 21 Encoding-retrieval overlap in human episodic memory: A functional neuroimaging perspective

Cited by 179 publications

References 61 publications

Reinstatement of distributed cortical oscillations occurs with precise spatiotemporal dynamics during successful memory retrieval

Reinstatement of distributed cortical oscillations occurs with precise spatiotemporal dynamics during successful memory retrieval

Memory Retrieval in Mice and Men

Alpha oscillations during incidental encoding predict subsequent memory for new “foil” information

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