Chapter 2 Sample Handling Strategies For The Analysis Of Organic Compounds From Environmental Water Samples

Hennion, M.; Scribe, P.

doi:10.1016/s0167-9244(08)70122-7

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…Methanol (25 mL) was later added to the solid residue for the extraction, and the mixture was centrifuged in order to collect the liquid. This operation was repeated three times, and the organic liquid extract 8,27 was concentrated in the rotary evaporator (water bath at the temperature of 45°C) to obtain around 0.5 mL. The final product was transferred into a sample vial and later stored in the refrigerator.…”

Section: Extraction Using Vacuum Rotary Evaporatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative method for qualitative analysis of specific non-volatile organic compounds present in South African water systems

Brutti¹,

Magu²,

Agorku³

et al. 2016

S.Afr.j.chem.

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Currently, water quality assessment has become a necessity in order to maintain healthy living. Point and non-point sources of water pollutants are either organic or inorganic in nature. Non-volatile organic compounds (nVOCs) mostly exist as solids at room temperature and are used on a large scale in most chemical industries. Since these nVOCs are toxic to both animals and humans and some of these non-volatile organic compounds are carcinogenic, it is important to analyze the water in order to ascertain its quality by identifying which types of compounds are present in these systems and quantifying them. This work reports on the use of a new and alternative method for qualitative analysis of nVOCs in water systems. Analysis was done for 13 sampling sites (seven from wastewater and six from surface water found in Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, respectively). Vacuum evaporation followed by methanol extraction of the residues was performed. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) was conducted using NaCl disc and KBr pellets and their results compared. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was chosen as a technique for comparison and to prove that the simple infrared (IR) can be used instead. In addition, HPLC is an ideal analytical technique for non-volatile substances.

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Section: Extraction Using Vacuum Rotary Evaporatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative method for qualitative analysis of specific non-volatile organic compounds present in South African water systems

Brutti¹,

Magu²,

Agorku³

et al. 2016

S.Afr.j.chem.

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“…Je Probennahmepunkt wurden anschließend zehn Liter Probewasser entnommen. Auf die Stabilisierung der Proben wurde verzichtet, da sie gekühlt und lichtgeschützt ins Labor befördert und umgehend, innerhalb eines Tages, aufgearbeitet wurden [10]. …”

Section: Probennahmeunclassified

GC/MS-Nontargetanalytik zur Aufklärung einer organischen Grundwasserkontamination. Teil I: Probennahme - Analytik - Identifikation der organischen Verbindungen

Kolbe

Geiß

Einax³

1999

Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol.

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Die GC/MS‐Nontargetanalytik beinhaltet eine Extraktionssequenz, die organische Substanzen mit sehr unterschiedlichen chemisch‐physikalischen Eigenschaften anreichert, und eine GC/MS‐Analyse ohne Standards, wobei das gesamte Chromatogramm ausgewertet wird, die aber nur beschränkte Identifizierungsmöglichkeiten bietet. Diese Art der organischen Analytik ist dann vorteilhaft, wenn es sich um unbekannte organische Kontaminationen handelt, so daß die herkömmliche Targetanalytik auf eine Vielzahl von organischen Verbindungen ausgedehnt werden müßte und selbst dann nicht sicher wäre, ob die Hauptkontaminanten erfaßt werden. Die genutzte Extraktionssequenz lehnt sich an die EPA 625 zur Analyse von sauer und basisch bzw. neutral reagierenden organischen Stoffen an und wird auf der Basis von Flüssig‐ und Festphasenextraktionen durchgeführt. Mit der gewählten Extraktion wurden ca. 30 % des TOC dieser Grundwasserproben aus einem kontaminierten Bereich im Einzugsgebiet einer ehemaligen Braunkohlenschwelerei erklärt. Wesentliche Substanzgruppen, die in den kontaminierten Grundwässern oder im Grundwasser des Referenzpunktes vorkommen, wie substituierte Aromaten, Phenole, Benzamine, Benzothiophenderivate u. v. a. werden so erfaßt. Mit Hilfe moderner grafischer Methoden können Unterschiede im Stoffgruppenspektrum des Schadensherdes und der kontaminierten Grundwasserproben gezeigt werden.

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“…In biological and environmental samples, either exposed compounds or their metabolites, metals are mostly present at trace level, causing major problems at the stage of their determination [4,5,6]. Therefore, an essential need for precise, reliable, and sensitive techniques for the analysis of such trace chemicals has been clearly recognized [6,7,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid Phase Extraction for Evaluation of Occupational Exposure to Pb (II) Using XAD-4 Sorbent Prior to Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Shahtaheri

Khadem

Golbabaei

et al. 2007

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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Lead is an important constituent widely used in different industrial processes. For evaluation of workers' exposure to trace toxic metal of Pb (II), solid-phase extraction (SPE) was optimized. SPE using mini columns filled with XAD-4 resin was developed with regard to sample pH, ligand concentration, loading flow rate, elution solvent, sample volume, elution volume, the amount of resins, and sample matrix interferences. Lead ions were retained on a solid sorbent and then eluted, followed by a simple determination of analytes with flame atomic absorption spectrometery. The obtained recoveries of metal ions were greater than 92%. This method was validated with 3 different pools of spiked urine samples; it showed a good reproducibility over 6 consecutive days as well as 6 within-day experiments. This optimized method can be considered successful in simplifying sample preparation for a trace residue analysis of lead in different matrices when evaluating occupational and environmental exposures is required.

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Chapter 2 Sample Handling Strategies For The Analysis Of Organic Compounds From Environmental Water Samples

Cited by 19 publications

References 157 publications

Alternative method for qualitative analysis of specific non-volatile organic compounds present in South African water systems

Alternative method for qualitative analysis of specific non-volatile organic compounds present in South African water systems

GC/MS-Nontargetanalytik zur Aufklärung einer organischen Grundwasserkontamination. Teil I: Probennahme - Analytik - Identifikation der organischen Verbindungen

Solid Phase Extraction for Evaluation of Occupational Exposure to Pb (II) Using XAD-4 Sorbent Prior to Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

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