Chapter 2. Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents

Helm, Lothar; Morrow, Janet R.; Bond, Christopher J.; Carniato, Fabio; Botta, Maurizio; Braun, Mihály; Baranyai, Zsolt; Pujales‐Paradela, Rosa; Regueiro‐Figueroa, Martín; Esteban‐Gómez, David; Platas‐Iglesias, Carlos; Scholl, Timothy J.

doi:10.1039/9781788010146-00121

Cited by 36 publications

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“… 55 This increase in relaxivity is consistent with the slightly higher molecular weights of Gd·L1–4 relative to Gd-DOTA, and hence the increase in the rotational correlation time, τ R . 56 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerizable Gd(iii) building blocks for the synthesis of high relaxivity macromolecular MRI contrast agents

et al. 2021

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerizable Gd(iii) building blocks for the synthesis of high relaxivity macromolecular MRI contrast agents

et al. 2021

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“…Despite the advantages of 19 F MRS and MRI, this field is limited by its low sensitivity that requires the use of high concentrations of probe, typically between 10 and 50 mM. In comparison, Gd-based T 1 contrast agents can be readily detected in vivo at substantially lower concentrations (0.1 μM) (Helm et al, 2018 ). This low sensitivity is due in part to the fact that only the 19 F nuclei of the probe are detected.…”

Section: Improving the Sensitivity Of 19 F Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorinated Paramagnetic Complexes: Sensitive and Responsive Probes for Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

2018

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Fluorine magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of chemical and physiological processes is becoming more widespread. The strength of this technique comes from the negligible background signal in in vivo 19F MRI and the large chemical shift window of 19F that enables it to image concomitantly more than one marker. These same advantages have also been successfully exploited in the design of responsive 19F probes. Part of the recent growth of this technique can be attributed to novel designs of 19F probes with improved imaging parameters due to the incorporation of paramagnetic metal ions. In this review, we provide a description of the theories and strategies that have been employed successfully to improve the sensitivity of 19F probes with paramagnetic metal ions. The Bloch-Wangsness-Redfield theory accurately predicts how molecular parameters such as internuclear distance, geometry, rotational correlation times, as well as the nature, oxidation state, and spin state of the metal ion affect the sensitivity of the fluorine-based probes. The principles governing the design of responsive 19F probes are subsequently described in a “how to” guide format. Examples of such probes and their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted through a synopsis of the literature.

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“…To analyze in detail the role of the different mechanisms of interaction between the paramagnetic particles and the protons of water molecules, 1 H relaxivity value of the samples dispensed in aqueous solution are measured as a function of the proton Larmor frequency (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Dispersion (NMRD)) [33] at 310 K from 0.01 to 500 MHz (Figure 4). The NMRD profiles are typical of macromolecular systems with slow mobility, with a plateau at low filed, followed by a dispersion from 1 to 10 MHz, and finally a hump at high magnetic fields with a maximum close to 60 MHz (1.5 T), as previously observed for Gd2O3 and GdF3 nanoparticles with comparable size (Figure 4) [30].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

1H NMR Relaxometric Analysis of Paramagnetic Gd2O3:Yb Nanoparticles Functionalized with Citrate Groups

Carniato

Gatti

2019

Inorganics

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Gd2O3 nanoparticles doped with different amount of Yb3+ ions and coated with citrate molecules were prepared by a cheap and fast co-precipitation procedure and proposed as potential “positive” contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. The citrate was used to improve the aqueous suspension, limiting particles precipitation. The relaxometric properties of the samples were studied in aqueous solution as a function of the magnetic field strength in order to evaluate the interaction of the paramagnetic ions exposed on the surface with the water molecules in proximity. The nanoparticles showed high relaxivity values at a high magnetic field with respect to the clinically used Gd3+-chelates and comparable to those of similar nanosytems. Special attention was also addressed to the investigation of the chemical stability of the nanoparticles in biological fluid (reconstructed human serum) and in the presence of a chelating agent.

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Chapter 2. Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Polymerizable Gd(iii) building blocks for the synthesis of high relaxivity macromolecular MRI contrast agents

Polymerizable Gd(iii) building blocks for the synthesis of high relaxivity macromolecular MRI contrast agents

Fluorinated Paramagnetic Complexes: Sensitive and Responsive Probes for Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

1H NMR Relaxometric Analysis of Paramagnetic Gd2O3:Yb Nanoparticles Functionalized with Citrate Groups

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