CHAPTER 2. From Saprophagy to Coprophagy

Cambefort, Yves

doi:10.1515/9781400862092.22

Cited by 71 publications

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“…Functionally, this form is adapted for cutting and grinding plant matter, however, as the mandible also corresponds to a plesiomorphic form shared by other taxa, its dietary preference is unclear. A fungivorous (Scholtz and Chown 1996) or saprophagous (Cambefort 1991) diet, the suggested ancestral diets of adult scarabaeoidea, could be possible. However, estimates of the origin of the pleurostict crown group suggest that phytophagy emerged between 109 and 128 Ma (Ahrens et al 2014) which gives some support to the proposal that the adult beetle may have fed on living plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first scarabaeid beetle (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae) described from the Mesozoic (Late-Cretaceous) of Africa

Woolley¹

2016

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A full description is given of the first scarabaeid beetle documented from the Mesozoic (Late Cretaceous) of Africa (Orapa, Botswana). Brief and partial descriptions of this beetle have appeared in two previous review papers of fossils from the Orapa Diamond Mine. This work represents an updated analysis and interpretation of the fossil based on character comparison and phylogenetic analysis. The new genus and species, Ceafornotensis archratiras, are described in Melolonthinae incertae sedis. Phylogenetic analysis suggests a sister group relationship with the tribe Phaenognathini (Melolonthinae incertae sedis). Although phytophagy in the adult beetle cannot be confirmed, it is proposed that angiosperms could have contributed to a proportion of its diet (larval or adult). This beetle may belong to a stem lineage of pleurostict scarabaeids which later experienced major radiation in response to widespread environmental changes brought about by continuing radiation of the angiosperms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first scarabaeid beetle (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae) described from the Mesozoic (Late-Cretaceous) of Africa

Woolley¹

2016

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“…What is missing in Madagascar are, however, extreme specialists using rotting fruits and fungi. Such specialists occur elsewhere in the tropics (Cambefort, 1991a).…”

Section: Evolutionary Ecology Of Helictopleurini and Related Tribesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering all the Malagasy faunal and floral groups, longdistance dispersal appears to be the most common way of origin (Yoder and Nowak, 2006). The dung beetle family Scarabaeidae has a worldwide distribution with some 27,800 described species (Cambefort, 1991a;Jameson and Ratcliffe, 2005). Dung beetles play an important role in many ecological processes, especially in nutrient cycling and fertilization and aeration of soils, but also in seed dispersal and the dynamics of some parasite species (Andresen, 2002a,b;Mittal, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An old adaptive radiation of forest dung beetles in Madagascar

Wirta

Orsini

Hanski

2008

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

118

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a b s t r a c tAdaptive radiations of mammals have contributed to the exceptionally high levels of biodiversity and endemism in Madagascar. Here we examine the evolutionary history of the endemic dung beetle tribe Helictopleurini (Scarabaeidae) and its relationship to the widely distributed Oniticellini and Onthophagini. Helictopleurini species are dependent on mammals for their resources. We date the single origin of the tribe at 37 to 23 MY ago, indicating overseas colonization of Madagascar. The main radiation occurred concurrently with the main radiations of lemurs. The ancestors of Helictopleurini are inferred to have been coprophagous species inhabiting open habitats. Subsequent evolution has involved a shift into forests, changes in resource use to a more generalized diet, and changes in body size. Four species of the extant 65 species have shifted to use the dung of the recently introduced cattle in open habitats, allowing these species to greatly expand their geographical ranges.

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“…Entre las principales funciones ecológi-cas de este grupo de insectos se destacan: su contribución al reciclaje de nutrientes, fertilización y aireación del suelo, dispersión secundaria de semillas y control de estados inmaduros de moscas y nemátodos de importancia médica (Nichols et al, 2008). Debido a estas funciones y a la relación con el excremento de vertebrados (Halffter & Matthews, 1966;Cambefort, 1991b), los escarabajos coprófagos han sido propuestos como eficientes bioindicadores del grado de perturbación ambiental en sistemas naturales (Halffter & Favila, 1993;McGeoch et al, 2002;Escobar, 2004;Spector, 2006;Nichols et al, 2007;Noriega et al, 2007a;Gardner et al, 2008). Para el caso de Colombia se registran 305 especies de escarabajos coprófagos agrupadas en 40 géneros.…”

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Grado de cobertura del muestreo de escarabajos coprófagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en Colombia

Noriega

2015

RBT

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Estimation of the sampling cover for dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in Colombia. The promotion of biodiversity conservation strategies must address the lack of information and the difficulty of identifying knowledge gaps that may facilitate our knowledge of different taxonomic groups. Dung beetles constitute one of those groups, despite having been proposed as an efficient bioindicator of environmental disturbance processes. In this work, we aimed to prepare a diagnosis on the state of knowledge of the subfamily Scarabaeinae, focusing on the cover sampling degree of this group in Colombia, with the purpose of identifying high-priority areas that will allow the completion of a national inventory. The work consisted of a bibliographical compilation using 12 referential databases and the examination of specimens deposited in 26 national collections. A total of 16 940 individuals were examined, finding registers for 232 species from 386 localities. The respective distribution cover maps were presented, and the cover at a national level was 10.62%. A historical analysis demonstrated a proliferation in the number of studies for the last three decades; nevertheless, a great proportion of unpublished works persists, resulting in only 64 sampled localities with published records. The localities with the greatest sampling efforts were RN La Planada, Lloro, AUN Los Estoraques, PNN Tinigua and Mariquita. Registries for all departments were available, and the best sampled ones were Cundinamarca, Antioquia, Valle del Cauca and Boyaca. The ecosystems with the greatest number of publications are the Andean pre mountain humid forest, followed by the Andean mountain humid forest and the Pacific humid forest. Other ecosystems with few studies included mangroves, desert zones, natural savannahs, palm swamps, paramos, flooding forests and agroforestry systems. The biogeographic region with the greatest number of localities was the Andean region, followed by Choco-Magdalenense and Amazonia. Our results showed that high levels of subsampling persist and that some zones lack registries, as in the case of some parks of the national system of protected areas. It is imperative that the sampling cover is extended at a national level, focusing all possible efforts on collecting in those subsampled regions that have high conservation importance, with the main goal of completing the listing of species and their distribution. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (1): 97-125. Epub 2015 March 01.

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CHAPTER 2. From Saprophagy to Coprophagy

Cited by 71 publications

References 0 publications

The first scarabaeid beetle (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae) described from the Mesozoic (Late-Cretaceous) of Africa

The first scarabaeid beetle (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae) described from the Mesozoic (Late-Cretaceous) of Africa

An old adaptive radiation of forest dung beetles in Madagascar

Grado de cobertura del muestreo de escarabajos coprófagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en Colombia

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