Chapter 2 Diagenesis of Carbonates in Continental Settings

Armenteros, Ildefonso Armenteros

doi:10.1016/s0070-4571(09)06202-5

Cited by 53 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…When the host fabric is not fully lithified yet, a displacive fabric may develop, resulting in floating grains in, for example, calcretes (Armenteros, 2010). Gandin and Capezzuoli (2014) furthermore reported of geodic cements (Fig.…”

Section: Cementation and Cementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, many carbonate factories in non-marine environments have been studied to understand close interactions between micro-and macrobiota (bacteria, algae, bryophytes, plants) that influence mineral precipitation processes, pore fluids and the resulting carbonate fabric (Freytet and Verrecchia, 1998;Benzerara et al, 2006;Bissett et al, 2008;Takashima and Kano, 2008;Bontognali et al, 2010;Jones, 2010;Peng and Jones, 2013;Pace et al, 2016), offering researchers the chance to improve approaches to detection of ancient and extraterrestrial life. Because diagenesis of non-marine carbonate rocks is commonly apparent, it is surprising that studies addressing the nature, distribution, processes and controls on early diagenesis of terrestrial carbonates are rather scarce (Folk and Assereto, 1976;Kendall and Iannace, 2001;Golubić et al, 2008;Armenteros, 2010;Frisia, 2015). This contrasts with an extensive body of literature on diagenesis of marine sediments.…”

Section: Introduction: Non-marine Carbonates and Early Diagenesis?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Descriptions of processes in the meteoric, vadose and phreatic zone focus solely on the corrosion capacities of dilute, fresh waters, and limited cementation, affecting previously deposited and uplifted carbonate sediments (Longman, 1980;Meyers and Lohmann, 1985;Armenteros, 2010;Moore and Wade, 2013). Further, diagenesis of non-marine carbonates is not always driven by low ionic strength meteoric waters, as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Introduction: Non-marine Carbonates and Early Diagenesis?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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What do we really know about early diagenesis of non-marine carbonates?

Boever

Brasier

Foubert

et al. 2017

Sedimentary Geology

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Non-marine carbonate rocks including cave, spring, stream, calcrete and lacustrine-palustrine sediments, are susceptible to early diagenetic processes. These can profoundly alter the carbonate fabric and affect paleoclimatic proxies. This review integrates recent insights into diagenesis of non-marine carbonates and in particular the variety of early diagenetic processes, and presents a conceptual framework to address them. With ability to study at smaller and smaller scales, down to nanometers, one can now observe diagenesis taking place the moment initial precipitates have formed, and continuing thereafter. Diagenesis may affect whole rocks, but it typically starts in nano-and micro-environments. The potential for diagenetic alteration depends on the reactivity of the initial precipitate, commonly being metastable phases like vaterite, Ca-oxalates, hydrous Mg-carbonates and aragonite with regard to the ambient fluid. Furthermore, organic compounds commonly play a crucial role in hosting these early transformations. Processes like neomorphism (inversion and recrystallization), cementation and replacement generally result in an overall coarsening of the fabric and homogenization of the wide range of complex, primary microtextures. If early diagenetic modifications are completed in a short time span compared to the (annual to millennial) time scale of interest, then recorded paleoenvironmental signals and trends could still acceptably reflect original, depositional conditions. However, even compact, non-marine carbonate deposits may behave locally and temporarily as open systems to crystal-fluid exchange and overprinting of one or more geochemical proxies is not unexpected. Looking to the future, relatively few studies have examined the behaviour of promising geochemical records, such as clumped isotope thermometry and (non-conventional) stable isotopes, in well-constrained diagenetic settings. Ongoing and future in-vitro and in-situ experimental approaches will help to investigate and detangle sequences of intermediate, diagenetic products, processes and controls, and to quantify rates of early diagenesis, bridging a gap between nanoscale, molecular lab studies and the fossil field rock record of non-marine carbonates.

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Section: Cementation and Cementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction: Non-marine Carbonates and Early Diagenesis?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction: Non-marine Carbonates and Early Diagenesis?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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What do we really know about early diagenesis of non-marine carbonates?

Boever

Brasier

Foubert

et al. 2017

Sedimentary Geology

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“…Fairchild & Baker, 2012). It is unclear, as yet, if mosaic calcite is the final product of neomorphism in a micrite -> microsparite -> sparite series in continental carbonates (Armenteros, 2010) or a product of dissolution of columnar calcite and re-precipitation of mosaic calcite driven by influx of undersaturated waters causing dissolution of a preexisting fabric, and reprecipitation of sub-euhedral crystals. The latter case would be expected, as an example, when glacial meltwaters invaded cave systems during deglaciations.…”

Section: International Journal Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4C) depends on the flow (cf. Armenteros, 2010), whereby "diagenetic" fluids may (or may not) be in contact with a "metastable" phase depending on the original porosity. The unequivocal presence of relict aragonite must be identified by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) with a diffractometer or by Electron Backscattered diffraction on a polished section.…”

Section: Aragonite Transformation Into Calcite As Documented By the Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frisia¹

2015

IJS

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Characterising the heterogeneous nature of tufa mounds by integrating petrographic, petrophysical, acoustic and electromagnetic measurements

Schröder,

Corella,

Pellicer

et al. 2023

The Depositional Record

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Determination of the physical properties of subsurface geological bodies is essential for georesource management and geotechnical applications. In the absence of direct measurements, this usually passes via geophysical methods such as seismic and ground‐penetrating radar. These require conversion to physical properties, and measurements at different scales to test for consistency. This approach is non‐trivial in geobodies with heterogeneous patterns of properties. Tufa mounds—in‐situ terrestrial carbonate buildups precipitating from geothermal waters—are characterised by high contrasts in facies and petrophysical properties from microscale to macroscale, and are therefore ideally suited to test the ability of non‐invasive geophysical methods to estimate such contrasts, and to develop petrophysical models based on geophysical properties. Here, a laboratory‐based study of a Pleistocene tufa mound in Spain is presented that combines (1) petrography, (2) digital 2D pore network analysis, (3) gas porosity and permeability measurements, (4) acoustic velocity measurements and (5) electromagnetic wave velocity and porosity determination from ground‐penetrating radar, to develop empirical petrophysical models. These results show the consistency of petrophysical properties determined with different methods across various observational scales. Electromagnetically derived porosity positively correlates with gas porosity. Petrophysical properties depend on measurable rock fabric parameters and the degree of cementation, which provide predictive tools for subsurface geobodies. Strongly cemented peloidal‐thrombolitic fabrics with intergranular and intercrystalline pores, and a dominance of small complex pores best transmit acoustic waves. Weak cementation and a significant fraction of large simple pores (framework, vegetation moulds) increase porosity and permeability of shrubby fabrics, while causing lower acoustic velocity. This study demonstrates that ground‐penetrating radar models can be used in combination with direct measurements of physical subsurface properties to capture highly contrasting physical properties associated with different sedimentary facies that would not be achievable with other methods, thus improving the understanding of formational processes.

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Chapter 2 Diagenesis of Carbonates in Continental Settings

Cited by 53 publications

References 188 publications

What do we really know about early diagenesis of non-marine carbonates?

What do we really know about early diagenesis of non-marine carbonates?

Untitled

Characterising the heterogeneous nature of tufa mounds by integrating petrographic, petrophysical, acoustic and electromagnetic measurements

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