Chapter 2. Change in pedogenic carbon stocks under different types and duration of agricultural management practices in the central Russian forest steppe

Khokhlova, Olga; Chendev, Yu. G.; Myakshina, T. N.

doi:10.3920/978-90-8686-788-2_2

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Thus, old-arable chernozems are characterized by a tendency for the ascending migration of ancient carbonates from the deep soil layers; the same phenomenon was earlier described for the arable gray forest soils in the investigated region [37,39,42].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In the subsequent period, the radiocarbon ages of the carbonates increase again up to the values typical of the virgin chernozems. explained by the biogenic calcification of the soil profile, whereas their ageing may be related to the ascending migration of ancient carbonates from the deep soil layers in the old-arable chernozems [42] against the background of a general leaching of carbonates from the upper 2 m of the soil profiles. This problem requires further studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agrogenic evolution of automorphic chernozems in the forest-steppe zone (Belgorod oblast)

2017

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Abstract⎯Agrochronosequences of chernozems with different periods of their use in rainfed farming with application of traditional technologies have been studied in a typical forest-steppe area in Belgorod oblast. Certain stages in the development of these soils during more than two centuries of their agricultural use have been identified. These stages are related to changes in the intensity and direction of soil forming processes, such as soil compaction, soil aggregation, dehumification of the upper horizons, calcification of the soil profiles, argillization, etc. A significant impact on the soil changes during the agrogenic evolution of chernozems is exerted by the digging activity of burrowers, which is especially pronounced in the old-arable chernozems.Keywords: chernozems, soil agrochronosequences, tillage, forest-steppe, stadial specificity of the agrogenic evolution, multiple study methods DOI: 10.1134/S1064229317050040 Kozlovskii [17], and many other scientists. These studies allowed us to gain a better understanding of the essence of soil forming processes in plowed chernozems and their changes with time and to develop a set of methods aimed at conservation and reproduction of these soils as the most valuable nature resource of Russia. However, the diversity of the existing information on transformation of chernozems under the impact of tillage poses new problems related to the genesis of the new soil properties and processes in plowed chernozems. The changes in the morphogenetic character of plowed chernozems and in the intensity of a number of soil processes (in particular, dehumification) in them should be specially analyzed. It should be noted that, in some studies, the most important problem of the loss of organic matter from chernozems under the impact of tillage is considered not quite correctly: only the content of humus in the plow horizons is analyzed, whereas changes in the bulk density of the soils are ignored.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agrogenic evolution of automorphic chernozems in the forest-steppe zone (Belgorod oblast)

2017

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“…Agricultural soils have been affected by plowing for more than 250 years and are now classified as arable Chernozems (Haplic Luvic Chernozems Loamic). The problems of soil evolution and the change of soil types in tillage were discussed earlier [11,19] and are beyond the scope of this paper. The studied soils are formed on a calcareous loess-like loam, well-drained, with groundwater level at the depths of 8-10 m. Loesses and loess-like loams on the East European (Russian) Plain are mostly aeolian in origin (partly reworked by wind), which were deposited in periglacial environments of the last (Valdai, Würm, Vistulian) glacial epoch correlated with marine isotope stage MIS 2 and is noteworthy for high rates of sedimentation [36].…”

Section: Description Of the Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that the carbonate profile of forest-steppe soils on the Central Russian Upland is a "visible reflection" of their hydrothermal regime [8,9]. After a soil has been plowed, its hydrothermal regime changes significantly in comparison with virgin unplowed soils; so do the carbonates [10][11][12]. The soil hydrology on areas different in agricultural practices (bare fallow, monoculture of corn and winter wheat) and land uses (natural steppe and forest) has been studied extensively in the Kursk region (which neighbors the Voronezh region) for the last century [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various agricultural practices or land uses produce an effect on carbonates in forest-steppe soils, which can bring a significant reorganization of their carbonate profile [16][17][18][19]. The carbonate profile of plowed soils is transformed (as compared with unplowed soils) to a new state [11,12,[19][20][21], and the transformation may have negative effect on agriculture. For example, the appearance of carbonates within the formerly carbonate-free root-inhabited layer can affect the mechanism of crop nutrition and hence decrease crop yield and soil productivity [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of Carbonates in Soils under Different Land Use in Forest-Steppe Area of Russia Using Stable and Radiogenic Carbon Isotope Data

Khokhlova

Myakshina

2018

Geosciences

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The work is aimed at the analysis of carbonate dynamics in soils under different land use. The studied area is located in the forest steppe -of the Central Russian Upland. Soils were sampled at four sites: a broadleaf forest, an adjacent 50-year continuously cropped field including plots under a corn monoculture, bare fallow, and a crop rotation area with a clean fallow every fourth year. The carbonates' morphology, their chemical composition, as well as their stable and radiogenic isotopes of carbon were studied. Clear-cut distinctions were found in the carbonate distribution throughout the profiles in the microstructure of carbonate pedofeatures, carbon isotopic composition, and radiocarbon age of carbonates between the pairs of the plots as follows: the bare fallow and the crop rotation on the one hand, and the corn monoculture and forest on the other. The distinctions are commonly assumed to result from repeating upward water fluxes, which are different in the bare soils and those with plant cover. A clear difference occurred in the hydrothermal regime for soils with and without plant cover, and was found to be the key factor of the observed differences. In addition, in soils under plant cover, the carbonate migration upward occurs due to process of transpiration, whereas in soils devoid of plants, it occurs due to physical evaporation.

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Origins of hard carbonate nodules in arable Chernozems in the Central Russian Upland

Khokhlova

Myakshina

Kuznetsova

2020

European J Soil Science

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The genesis of hard carbonate nodules in the lowermost horizons (180–200 cm) of arable soils in the southern part of the forest‐steppe region of the Central Russian Upland was associated with a change in soil water regime. The conversion of forest to arable lands was studied in three agro‐chronosequences located on flat interfluves and consisted of undisturbed soils under deciduous forests and arable soils with different durations of agricultural use. Due to arable agricultural activity, the upper soil horizons become drier in the summer during the growing season, whereas the lowermost parts get wetter in the spring and autumn after harvests. As a result, two types of hard carbonate nodules, which differed in morphology, origin and age, formed in the arable soils. The first type of hard nodules had a dense cryptocrystalline fabric in thin sections and colloform morphology viewed under an electron microscope, consisting of calcite with Si, Al and Fe peaks in EDS spectra, and had a 14C‐age from 16,410 ± 200 to 13,570 ± 150 years BP. Their formation occurred due to an ascending of “old” carbonate matter in colloidal suspensions through capillary pores from parent rocks in the periods of strong heating of the soil surface; these nodules had an evaporative origin. The second type of hard nodules consisted of crystalline pure calcite and had a 14C‐age of < 4,500 years BP. They had a hydromorphic genesis and developed in periods of water stagnation in the deep horizons and can be considered to be markers of a seasonal hydromorphism of arable soils in the studied area. Highlights The conversion of forest to arable lands resulted in a change of soil water regime followed by the formation of two types of hard nodules The uplifting of calcite colloidal solutions/suspensions from parent material enriched newly formed hard nodules with “old” 14C The seasonal stagnant water in the lowermost soil horizons caused hard nodule recrystallization and rejuvenation by “young” 14C from organic acids and atmospheric CO2.

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Chapter 2. Change in pedogenic carbon stocks under different types and duration of agricultural management practices in the central Russian forest steppe

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Agrogenic evolution of automorphic chernozems in the forest-steppe zone (Belgorod oblast)

Agrogenic evolution of automorphic chernozems in the forest-steppe zone (Belgorod oblast)

Dynamics of Carbonates in Soils under Different Land Use in Forest-Steppe Area of Russia Using Stable and Radiogenic Carbon Isotope Data

Origins of hard carbonate nodules in arable Chernozems in the Central Russian Upland

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