CHAPTER 2: Blacks in the Urban North: The "Underclass Question" in Historical Perspective

Trotter, Joe William

doi:10.1515/9780691188546-004

Cited by 14 publications

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“…Although jobs were indeed more plentiful in the North, racial prejudice and discrimination often greeted the newcomers. Blacks were paid lower wages than whites for the same kind of work and were often barred from all but the lowest-level occupations (Drake and Cayton 1993; Trotter 1993). Perhaps nowhere was black inequality and subjugation as visible as in the large and dense black ghettos in northeastern and midwestern cities, such as Chicago, New York, Detroit, and Milwaukee (Massey and Denton 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sun Belt Rising: Regional Population Change and the Decline in Black Residential Segregation, 1970–2009

2012

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The goal of this study is to examine the extent to which population shifts over the post–Great Migration period and divergent trends in segregation across regions contributed to the overall decline in black segregation in the United States in recent decades. Using data from the 1970 to 2000 decennial censuses and the 2005–2009 American Community Survey (ACS), our analysis indicates that black dissimilarity and isolation declined by more in the South and West than in the Northeast and Midwest. Nevertheless, regional population shifts account for only a modest amount (8% to 12%) of the decline in black-white segregation over the period and an even smaller proportion of the decline in black-nonblack segregation, in part because the largest declines in segregation occurred in the West while the region with the largest relative increase in the black population was the South. Using more refined census divisions rather than census regions provided some additional explanatory power (shifts across divisions explained 15%–16% of the decline in black-white segregation): divisions with larger gains in their share of the black population tended to have larger declines in black segregation. Overall, although the effect of the regional redistribution of the black population on declines in segregation was significant, of even greater importance were other causes of substantial declines in segregation in a wide array of metropolitan areas across the country, and especially in the West, over the past 40 years.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sun Belt Rising: Regional Population Change and the Decline in Black Residential Segregation, 1970–2009

2012

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“…17 Wacquant, 1995. 18 Drake y Cayton, 1962; para un análisis más amplio consúltese -Trotter, 1993. rurales deprimidas del delta del Misisipi, las reservas de nativos americanos y los barrios 19 pobres de la región suroeste (sin mencionar a vastos sectores de los Estados Unidos durante la Gran Depresión) no muestran el patrón organizacional del "gueto negro": ellas no son, y nunca han sido, "colonias de carácter filántropo, económico, empresarial e industrial" 20 de la sociedad blanca 21 .…”

Section: Recuperando La Concepción Institucionalista Del Guetounclassified

Tres premisas nocivas en el estudio del gueto norteamericano

Wacquant

2013

Revista INVI

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El artículo desarrolla una crítica profunda a los abordajes que predominan en el estudio de la pobreza urbana en los Estados Unidos. A juicio del autor, tales abordajes simplifican al extremo la noción de gueto, convirtiéndola en el equivalente de bolsón de pobreza, despojándola así de su especificidad histórica, su potencial heurístico y su valor sociológico. El autor aboga por la recuperación de una perspectiva institucionalista de la noción de gueto, así como por romper con el exotismo que se le atribuye en la actualidad, de modo de mostrar que el gueto no es el resultado de un particularismo local ni de una determinada esencia cultural propia a sus habitantes, sino que el resultado complejo de la articulación de una serie de agentes 1007i-invi 79 cs5.indb 165 20-11-13 18:23

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“…By bounding the range of acceptable conduct, they guide everyday behavior and ensure a measure of uniformity and consistency in the event of adversity or unpredictability. They provide a culturally appropriate guiding light, although its effectiveness arguably diminishes when the terrain provides a dramatic break from the past (Tucker & Mitchell-Kernan, 1995) Like all cultural systems, African American norms evolved over time to sustain the community as an entity, the households comprising it, and their individual members (Trotter & William, 1993). Providing assistance and succor to someone in need may seem inadvisable in light of one's own already very limited resources.…”

Section: Antecedent Versus Present Conditions: Norms and Counternormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dead tired and bone weary: Grandmothers as caregivers in drug affected inner city households☆

2000

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At a time of unprecedented growth in the numbers of custodial grandparents, this case study of Emma's household articulates the stresses inherent to the lives of many grandparents whose own children's lives are governed by drug use and addiction. We contrast normative expectations traditionally integral to the culture of extended families with the counternormative demands that drug use imposes on households. This highlights the untenable nature of caregiving for Emma and countless others of her generation. Compelled by tradition and sentiment to help their own children, they are thus allowing drug use driven norms, values and beliefs to permeate the lives of the grandchildren in their care. Yet, they are also trying to protect those children from drugs and from the violence and conflict that drugs bring into the household. Emma's own life illustrates the salience of norms of kinship, reciprocity and respect, and the trauma in her household demonstrates how their absence does, indeed, intensify demands and erode resources. We conclude that the imperatives of raising the next generation may necessitate a counternormative willingness on the part of grandparents to exclude their adult drug using children from their households.

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CHAPTER 2: Blacks in the Urban North: The "Underclass Question" in Historical Perspective

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Sun Belt Rising: Regional Population Change and the Decline in Black Residential Segregation, 1970–2009

Sun Belt Rising: Regional Population Change and the Decline in Black Residential Segregation, 1970–2009

Tres premisas nocivas en el estudio del gueto norteamericano

Dead tired and bone weary: Grandmothers as caregivers in drug affected inner city households☆

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