Longitudinal microtubules appear in Paramecium tetraurelia when cells are ready to divide (ca. interfission age 0-9). They arise in the longitudinal cortical ridges between kineties and form, in each ridge, an incomplete circlet of 15-18 microtubules, disappearing 10-15 min after separation of the fission products (ca. interfission age 0-03-0-04). Vinblastine, colchicine, colcemid, mercaptoethanol, and cold treatments all result in loss of these microtubules, rounding up of the cells, and some suppression of cell division. The tubules are thought to play a role in cellular elongation, morphogenesis, and separation.