Chapter 18. Does deuteranomaly place children at a disadvantage in educational settings?

Mehta, Beejal; Sowden, Paul T.; Grandison, Alexandra

doi:10.1075/z.217.18meh

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…We plan to explore ColourSpot's ability to classify protan and deutan CVD types by testing it in adults and older children against the anomaloscope. We aim that accurate diagnosis of CVD using ColourSpot from 4 years of age at the start of education will mitigate some of the negative impact of CVD on children's education and well-being (Grassivaro Gallo et al, 1998Gallo et al, , 2002Mehta et al, 2018;Suero et al, 2005;Thomas et al, 2018;Thuline, 1964). The ColourSpot app provides advice sheets on CVD, designed by Colour Blind Awareness, a non-profit organization to raise awareness of CVD (http://colourblindawareness.org), which aims to help parents and teachers adopt strategies to mitigate some of the potential negative effects of CVD on children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ColourSpot, a novel gamified tablet-based test for accurate diagnosis of color vision deficiency in young children

et al. 2021

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There is a need for a straightforward, accessible and accurate pediatric test for color vision deficiency (CVD). We present and evaluate ColourSpot, a self-administered, gamified and color calibrated tablet-based app, which diagnoses CVD from age 4. Children tap colored targets with saturations that are altered adaptively along the three dichromatic confusion lines. Two cohorts (Total, N = 772; Discovery, N = 236; Validation, N = 536) of 4–7-year-old boys were screened using the Ishihara test for Unlettered Persons and the Neitz Test of Color Vision. ColourSpot was evaluated by testing any child who made an error on the Ishihara Unlettered test alongside a randomly selected control group who made no errors. Psychometric functions were fit to the data and “threshold ratios” were calculated as the ratio of tritan to protan or deutan thresholds. Based on the threshold ratios derived using an optimal fitting procedure that best categorized children in the discovery cohort, ColourSpot showed a sensitivity of 1.00 and a specificity of 0.97 for classifying CVD against the Ishihara Unlettered in the independent validation cohort. ColourSpot was also able to categorize individuals with ambiguous results on the Ishihara Unlettered. Compared to the Ishihara Unlettered, the Neitz Test generated an unacceptably high level of false positives. ColourSpot is an accurate test for CVD, which could be used by anyone to diagnose CVD in children from the start of their education. ColourSpot could also have a wider impact: its interface could be adapted for measuring other aspects of children’s visual performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, one simulation of CVD suggests that 10% of tasks in educational textbooks are inaccessible for a child with CVD (Torrents et al, 2011 ). The dependence on color in education likely means that students with CVD are disadvantaged compared to their peers with normal color vision (Mehta et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ColourSpot, a novel gamified tablet-based test for accurate diagnosis of color vision deficiency in young children

et al. 2021

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“…Optical multilayer thin-film structures are common in many device applications, including solar cells, , OLEDs, filters, radiative cooling, etc. Thin-film stacks have been extensively used to produce long-lasting structural colors, − for example, the Toyota structural blue, in contrast to traditional colors and coatings that are made from organic dyes or colored pigments. One such coating is decorative chrome plating (DCP), a metal finishing process widely used in the industry for coating various automobile parts, kitchen appliances, plumbing fixtures, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally Sustainable and Multifunctional Chrome-like Coatings Having No Chromium Designed with Reinforcement Learning

Saha

Wang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Decorative chrome plating (DCP) continues to be ubiquitous in creating highly appealing metal finishings and coatings, beating out other organic dye-based finishes. However, the hazardous chrome plating process is fraught with adverse health effects for the workers involved and causes significant environmental damage. In this work, we present a multilayer thin film structure to mimic the chrome appearance. To find a design efficiently, we employ a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to perform an automatic inverse design. This results in structures composed of environmentally friendly materials that not only have the chrome color but can also achieve additional functions beyond decoration. As an example, one structure is designed to have high transmission in the radio frequency regime, a property that general metals cannot have, which can broaden the decorative chrome applications to include microwave operating devices. The experimental structures are fabricated by physical vapor deposition to demonstrate the indistinguishable chrome color and validate the effectiveness of the RL inverse design approach.

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Implications of inherited color vision deficiency on occupations: A neglected entity!

Hathibelagal

2022

Indian J Ophthalmol

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Purpose: To highlight the plight of individuals with congenital color vision deficiency (CVD). Methods: This is a retrospective study in which 191 electronic medical records of individuals with the diagnosis of inherited CVD, who visited the eye institute, between January 2010 and January 2021 were included. The inclusion criteria included diagnosis based on the failure in pseudoisochromatic plates (Ishihara / Hardy, Rand and Rittler (HRR) and age range between 18 and 35 years. The patient’s medical history, age, gender, type of defect, and preference for colored contact lenses was noted. Medical records were excluded if the participant had any other ocular pathology apart from congenital CVD. Results: At least 30% (57/191) of the individuals explicitly requested for color vision examination for a job-related purpose. Amongst them, the most common jobs aspired were army (~25%; [14/57]) followed by police (21%; [12/57]). There was only 2.6% (5/191) of individuals in which the type of CVD (protan/deutan) was classified. Only 5.2% of them (10/191) sought an X-Chrome contact lens trial. Conclusion: This study reported the occupational setbacks experienced by individuals with CVD. This study highlights the need to identify CVD at a younger age, thereby avoiding occupational-related setbacks later in life.

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Chapter 18. Does deuteranomaly place children at a disadvantage in educational settings?

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

ColourSpot, a novel gamified tablet-based test for accurate diagnosis of color vision deficiency in young children

ColourSpot, a novel gamified tablet-based test for accurate diagnosis of color vision deficiency in young children

Environmentally Sustainable and Multifunctional Chrome-like Coatings Having No Chromium Designed with Reinforcement Learning

Implications of inherited color vision deficiency on occupations: A neglected entity!

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