CHAPTER 17: Detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in Tomato Seeds

Fatmi, M.; Bolkan, H. A.; Schaad, N. W.

doi:10.1094/9780890545416.017

Cited by 11 publications

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“…; Table ). In order to characterize bacterial colonies, the strains were grown on nonselective media YPGA, and two semiselective media used routinely to identify Cmm, CMM1 (10 g L −1 sucrose, 3.32 g L −1 Tris base, 11.44 g L −1 Tris.HCl, 0.25 g L −1 Mg 2 SO 4 .7H 2 O, 5 g L −1 LiCl, 2 g L −1 yeast extract, 1 g L −1 NH 4 Cl, 4 g L −1 casein hydrolysate, 15 g L −1 agar, 10 mg L −1 polymyxin B sulphate, 28 mg L −1 nalidixic acid, 100 mg L −1 nystatin) and SCM (10 g L −1 sucrose, 2 g L −1 K 2 HPO 4 , 0.5 g L −1 KH 2 PO 4 , 1.5 g L −1 H 3 BO 3 , 0.1 g L −1 yeast extract, 0.25 g L −1 Mg 2 SO 4 .7H 2 O, 1.5 g L −1 boric acid, 18 g L −1 agar, 100 mg L −1 nicotinic acid, 30 mg L −1 nalidixic acid, 10 mg L −1 potassium tellurite, 200 mg L −1 cycloheximide) (Fatmi & Schaad, ) media at 28 °C for 3, 5 and 7 days, respectively. Cultures of each strain were grown in YPGB (5 g L −1 yeast extract, 5 g L −1 bactopeptone, 10 g L −1 glucose) medium to keep as stocks using 20% glycerol at −20 and −80 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains from central Chile exhibit low genetic diversity and sequence types match strains in other parts of the world

et al. 2018

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Bacterial canker caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) is one of the most important bacterial diseases of tomato. In order to understand the emergence and dissemination of this pathogen in Chile, Chilean Cmm strains isolated from different sites in central Chile were characterized and compared to a worldwide collection of strains. Multilocus sequence analysis and typing (MLSA‐MLST) based on five housekeeping genes, i.e. atpD, dnaK, gyrB, ppk and recA, and multilocus variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) based on eight VNTRs were used. Low diversity was found using MLSA‐MLST among the 25 Chilean strains, which clustered into three groups, each corresponding to a single sequence type (ST). Group I contained most strains (21/25), isolated over different years from Valparaíso and O'Higgins regions. Group II contained only one strain from Maule region that was isolated in 2005. These two groups belonged to the same genetic lineage. Group III contained three strains from Valparaíso region isolated in 2004, 2012 and 2013. MLVA also distributed the strains into the same three groups. Group III strains shared the same ST as strains from Algeria, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Uruguay and the USA. Group II strains shared the same ST as strains from Brazil and Uruguay, while Group I strains shared the same ST as two strains of unknown origin. This study shows that Cmm strains from central Chile tend to be clonal and have similar genetic profiles to strains from other countries.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After infection is established, Cmm invades xylem vessels, moving systemically throughout the plant (Wallis, ). Symptoms include wilting and chlorosis (Fatmi & Schaad, ), first in one side of the plant or leaves, and then throughout the whole plant. Stem canker and vascular necrosis can also be observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains from central Chile exhibit low genetic diversity and sequence types match strains in other parts of the world

et al. 2018

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“…michiganensis in tomato transplants: The method used in this study for the detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in symptomless tomato seedlings was elaborated according to the protocols of the International Seed Federation 13 and the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation 4 which are normally adopted for the detection of Cmm on tomato seed. The principles of this method involve the isolation of Cmm from tomato seedlings tissue on non-selective and semi-selective media, followed by the identification of presumptive Cmm-isolates by PCR and pathogenicity test.…”

Section: Detection Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Good Seed and Plant Practices on the Incidence of Bacterial Canker in a Commercial Tomato Nursery

Chuis¹,

Amkraz²,

Boudyach³

et al. 2023

Plant Pathology J.

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Background and Objective: In tomato commercial nursery, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, the causal agent of bacterial canker, is mainly transmitted by infected seeds and seedlings, so, microbiological analysis of seedlings to prevent the dissemination of contaminated transplants is crucial in bacterial canker management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of Good Seed and Plant Practices (GSPP) on the incidence of bacterial canker in grafted tomato seedlings produced in a commercial nursery. Materials and Methods:During the 3 years of study (2018, 2019 and 2020), the detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in tomato-seedlings samples was done by dilution plating of stem extract on different culture media. To confirm the molecular identity of the pathogen, one bacterial isolate from each suspected sample was tested by PCR using the primers RZ-ptssk 10 and RZ-ptssk 11. After the PCR analysis, each suspected bacterial isolate was further tested for its pathogenicity by using the cotyledons test on tomato seedlings. Results: During the 3 years, more than one thousand tomato seedlings samples were analyzed for Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis contamination and only fifteen samples were identified positive for this bacterial pathogen by using culture isolation on non-selective and semi-selective media. Of these, only four bacterial isolates were positive by using the PCR technique. However, pathogenicity was not confirmed in cotyledon inoculation tests for the four suspected isolates obtained from tomato seedling samples. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the rigorous application of good seed and plant practices standards and implementation of strict sanitary measures significantly reduce the risk of contamination of grafted tomato seedlings by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in a commercial tomato nursery.

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“…Hot water disinfection has been proposed for the control of bacterial plant pathogens, for example Erwinia carotovora in potato tubers and Erwinia chrysanthemi (Mackay & Shipton 1983;Robinson & Foster 1987), Agrobacterium tumefaciens in grapevine cuttings (Burr et al 1989;Bazzi et al (1991), Clavibacter michiganensis pv. michiganensis in tomato seeds (Fatmi et al 1991), and Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum in cotton seeds (Honervogt & Lehmann-Danzinger 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot water disinfection treatment to eliminate Neonectria ditissima latent infections in apple scion wood

Amponsah¹,

Walter²,

Frijters³

et al. 2016

NZPP

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The European canker pathogen Neonectria ditissima can be transmitted by apple scion wood into newly developing trees following grafting or budding resulting in disease development and progression An in vitro hot water treatment showed that both conidia and mycelium of N ditissima can be killed when placed into water at 50C for 8805; 5 min However diseased scion wood required 8805; 15 min disinfection at the same temperature to eliminate all internal pathogens including N ditissima At this temperature and time duration no mycelium growth was observed after 2 weeks incubation of cut pieces of the disinfected tissues on apple sap amended water agar Although the treatment was 100 effective at eliminating some identified and nonspecific pathogens visual assessment of both the scion and rootstock viability and vigour six months after the hot water treatment showed that 98 of the rootstocks and scions failed to grow and develop

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CHAPTER 17: Detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in Tomato Seeds

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains from central Chile exhibit low genetic diversity and sequence types match strains in other parts of the world

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains from central Chile exhibit low genetic diversity and sequence types match strains in other parts of the world

Impact of Good Seed and Plant Practices on the Incidence of Bacterial Canker in a Commercial Tomato Nursery

Hot water disinfection treatment to eliminate <i>Neonectria ditissima</i> latent infections in apple scion wood

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