Chapter 15 Food intake and leptin during pregnancy and lactation

Johnstone, Louise E.; Higuchi, Takashi

doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(01)33016-9

Cited by 58 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The present study also confirms previous reports demonstrating increased water intake (1,4,9) and food consumption (16,21) during gestation. In fact, a decrease in the osmotic threshold for drinking as well as for AVP secretion is necessary to maintain the new steady state of fluid homeostasis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Angiotensin-(1-7) serves as an aquaretic by increasing water intake and diuresis in association with downregulation of aquaporin-1 during pregnancy in rats

Joyner¹,

Neves²,

Stovall³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Joyner J, Neves LAA, Stovall K, Ferrario CM, Brosnihan KB. Angiotensin-(1-7) serves as an aquaretic by increasing water intake and diuresis in association with downregulation of aquaporin-1 during pregnancy in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 294: R1073-R1080, 2008. First published January 9, 2007 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00572.2007.-We previously demonstrated that kidney and urine levels of angiotensin-(1-7) [ANG-(1-7)] were increased in pregnancy. To explore the role of ANG-(1-7) on fluid and electrolyte homeostasis during pregnancy, we evaluated the effect of the ANG-(1-7) antagonist D-alanine-[ANG-(1-7)] (A-779) on kidney function. Virgin and pregnant rats received infusion of vehicle or A-779 (48 g ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ h Ϫ1 ) for 8 days by osmotic minipumps. Metabolic studies were done on treatment day 7-8. Virgin and pregnant rats at day 15 and 19 were killed, and blood and kidneys were collected. Kidneys were prepared for Western blot analysis for aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and aquaporin-2. In virgin female rats, A-779 increased urine volume and decreased urinary osmolality and AQP1 with no change in water intake. In 19-day pregnant rats, A-779 significantly decreased water intake and urine volume and increased urinary osmolality and kidney AQP1 expression. Only in late gestation did A-779 treatment decrease the difference between intake and output (balance). A-779 treatment increased plasma vasopressin in late gestation but did not change vasopressin in virgins. In virgin and pregnant animals, A-779 administration had no effect on blood pressure, plasma volume, blood volume, or urinary electrolytes. These results suggest that ANG-(1-7) produces antidiuresis associated with upregulation of AQP1 in virgin rats, whereas ANG-(1-7) produces diuresis in late gestation with downregulation of AQP1. ANG-(1-7) contributes to the enhanced water intake during pregnancy, allowing maintenance of the normal volume-expanded state despite diuresis produced in part by decreased AVP and AQP1. renin-angiotensin system; pregnancy; angiotensin-(1-7); D-alanine-[angiotensin-(1-7)]; D-alanine; aquaporin; vasopressin NORMAL PREGNANCY IS A physiological condition characterized by hemodynamic change, including increased cardiac output and hypervolemia, decreased total peripheral resistance, and decreased or normal blood pressure (2). The renin angiotensin system (RAS), which is involved in blood pressure regulation and salt and fluid homeostasis, is markedly increased during pregnancy, as evidenced by increased circulating concentration of angiotensinogen, renin activity, and angiotensin II (ANG II; see Refs. 2,5,and 20). Also, increased during normal pregnancy is angiotensin-(1-7) [ANG-(1-7)], the active vasodilator of the RAS. Urinary excretion of ANG-(1-7) rises progressively during human pregnancy to levels that are 20-fold higher by the end of gestation compared with the normal menstrual cycle (35). Urinary ANG-(1-7) concentration is also increased with gestation in rats (22). ANG-(1-7), along with its forming enzyme angiotensin conver...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Angiotensin-(1-7) serves as an aquaretic by increasing water intake and diuresis in association with downregulation of aquaporin-1 during pregnancy in rats

Joyner¹,

Neves²,

Stovall³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…35 Differential sensitivity of energy expenditure and food intake to leptin has been reported previously. 36 It is unlikely that leptin caused weight loss by increasing milk production by the dams, 37 especially since weight gain was low in their offspring.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of susceptibility to weight gain and insulin resistance in low birthweight rats by treatment of their mothers with leptin during pregnancy and lactation

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVES:To investigate whether administration of leptin to rats during pregnancy and lactation affects placental 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11b-HSD2) activity and the susceptibility of their offspring to weight gain and insulin resistance. DESIGN: Pregnant rats fed on a low-protein diet were administered leptin or saline by subcutaneous minipump from day 14 of gestation and throughout lactation. A further group was fed a normal diet and given saline. After weaning, the offspring of each group were fed on a normal diet until 6 weeks of age and then half of each group was transferred to a high-fat diet until 12 months of age. RESULTS: Plasma leptin levels were raised two-fold on days 16-18 of pregnancy in the leptin-treated dams, but, despite a constant rate of infusion, at parturition they dipped to control levels before rising again. The activity of placental 11b-HSD2 was reduced by the low-protein diet; this reduction was prevented by treating the dams with leptin. The male offspring of the salinetreated dams gained more weight and had higher plasma leptin levels on the high fat than the chow diet, but the offspring of the leptin-treated dams did not. Fasting blood glucose and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance at 6 and 12 months of age was unaffected by the high-fat diet, but only the offspring of the leptin-treated dams achieved this control without raised insulin levels. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of leptin clearance appears to increase at parturition. The administration of leptin to rats during late pregnancy and lactation makes their male offspring less susceptible to high-fat-diet-induced weight gain and insulin resistance.

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“…Food and water intake declined gradually during the first week of infection, which could be associated with the decrease in rearing (Siegfried et al 2003); this characteristic behaviour of caged mice allows for feeding (among other activities) (Johnstone & Higuchi 2001). The decrease in food and water consumption could also be due to the increased body temperature and cachexia (Emery 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection: establishing a murine model that utilises non-invasive measurements of disease parameters

Silva

Castro

Alves

et al. 2012

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Chapter 15 Food intake and leptin during pregnancy and lactation

Cited by 58 publications

References 80 publications

Angiotensin-(1-7) serves as an aquaretic by increasing water intake and diuresis in association with downregulation of aquaporin-1 during pregnancy in rats

Angiotensin-(1-7) serves as an aquaretic by increasing water intake and diuresis in association with downregulation of aquaporin-1 during pregnancy in rats

Modulation of susceptibility to weight gain and insulin resistance in low birthweight rats by treatment of their mothers with leptin during pregnancy and lactation

Acute experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection: establishing a murine model that utilises non-invasive measurements of disease parameters

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