Chapter 15 Brominated Flame Retardants as Food Contaminants

Voorspoels, Stefan; D’Silva, Kyle; Huwe, Janice K.; Harrad, Stuart

doi:10.1016/s0166-526x(08)00015-9

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 155 publications

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“…Degradation of HCBD to lower brominated analogues at injection port temperatures above 240 ºC has been reported [21,22]. These degradation products are an important PBDE quantitation issue when acquiring the bromide ion as quantitation ion.…”

Section: Analytical Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for screening and quantification of hexabromocyclododecane

et al. 2015

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A fast method for the screening and quantification of hexabromocyclododecane (sum of all isomers) by gas chromatography using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization respectively. Parameters affecting ionization and MS/MS detection were studied. Method performance was also evaluated; calibration curves were found linear from 1 pg/µL to 100 pg/µL for the total HBCD concentration; instrumental detection limit was estimated to be 0.10 pg/µL; repeatability and reproducibility, expressed as relative standard deviation, were better than 7% in both cases. The application to different real samples (polyurethane foam disks (PUFs), food, and marine samples) pointed out a rapid way to identify and allow quantification of this compound together with a number of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE congeners 28, 47, 66, 85, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183, 184, 191, 196, 197, and 209) and two other novel brominated flame retardants, i.e., decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), due to their presence in the same fraction when performing the usual sample treatment.

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Section: Analytical Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for screening and quantification of hexabromocyclododecane

et al. 2015

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Flame Retardants

Lambropoulou

Εvgenidou

Christophoridis

et al. 2010

Analysis of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Food

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Extent and mechanisms of brominated flame retardant emissions from waste soft furnishings and fabrics: A critical review

Stubbings

Harrad

2014

Environment International

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Use of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in soft furnishings has occurred for over thirty years with the phase out of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) only relatively recently begun. As products treated with BFRs reach the end of their lifecycle they enter the waste stream, thereby constituting an important and increasing reservoir of these chemicals. This review highlights the dearth of data on the extent and potential mechanisms of BFR emissions from waste soft furnishings. However, insights into what may occur are provided by scrutiny of the larger (though still incomplete) database related to BFR emissions from electronic waste (e-waste). In many countries, municipal landfills have historically been the primary disposal method of waste consumer products and therefore represent a substantial reservoir of BFRs. Published data for BFR emissions to both air and water from landfill and other waste disposal routes are collated, presented and reviewed. Reported concentrations of PBDEs in landfill leachate range considerably from <1ngL(-1) to 133,000ngΣPBDEL(-1). In addition to direct migration of BFRs from waste materials; there is evidence that some higher brominated flame retardants are able to undergo degradation and debromination during waste treatment, that in some instances may lead to the formation of more toxic and bioavailable compounds. We propose that waste soft furnishings be treated with the same concern as e-waste, given its potential as a reservoir and source of environmental contamination with BFRs.

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Chapter 15 Brominated Flame Retardants as Food Contaminants

Cited by 3 publications

References 155 publications

Potential of gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for screening and quantification of hexabromocyclododecane

Potential of gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for screening and quantification of hexabromocyclododecane

Flame Retardants

Extent and mechanisms of brominated flame retardant emissions from waste soft furnishings and fabrics: A critical review

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