Chapter 15. An International Cooperation Perspective on the Implementation of the Nagoya Protocol

Young, Tomme Rosanne

doi:10.1163/9789004217201_017

Cited by 5 publications

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“…The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was the first international agreement to regulate access to and research on genetic resources and biotechnology and resulting benefit sharing (Rubin & Fish 1994). The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization (henceforth: Nagoya Protocol) from 2014 implements the objectives of the CBD, focusing specifically on access to genetic resources, biotechnology, and associated traditional knowledge (Young 2013;Oberthür & Rosendal 2013;Rabitz 2015). It is often misunderstood that the Nagoya Protocol implies new national regulations that did not previously exist, when in fact most parties to the protocol had such regulations in place even long before the CBD, and the Nagoya Protocol is only an instrument to implement international control on these regulations as agreed upon in the CBD more than twenty years prior.…”

Section: The Nagoya Protocol: Improvement or Impediment To The Sciencmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One may consider this contribution redundant, as almost everything that could be said about this topic in the field of mycology and beyond has been eloquently expressed by Korf (2005) and on a more general level by Kim & Byrne (2006), Wheeler (2004Wheeler ( , 2008Wheeler ( , 2010Wheeler ( , 2018, and many others. However, new challenges have emerged particularly with molecular advances and the recent implementation of the Nagoya Protocol (Young 2013), both elaborated in two of the three chapters below, and new lines of thought are emerging. Also, seemingly positive developments in the recent past, such as the PEET (Partnerships to Enhance Expertise in Taxonomy) program (Rodman & Cody 2003) and the Planetary Biodiversity Inventories program (Page 2008), by the U.S. National Science Foundation, have not survived the course of time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three challenges to contemporaneous taxonomy from a licheno-mycological perspective

Lücking

2020

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This paper discusses three issues that challenge contemporaneous taxonomy, with examples from the fields of mycology and lichenology, formulated as three questions: (1) What is the importance of taxonomy in contemporaneous and future science and society? (2) An increasing methodological gap in alpha taxonomy: challenge or opportunity? (3) The Nagoya Protocol: improvement or impediment to the science of taxonomy? The importance of taxonomy in society is illustrated using the example of popular field guides and digital media, a billion-dollar business, arguing that the desire to name species is an intrinsic feature of the cognitive component of nature connectedness of humans. While continuous societal support of a critical mass of taxonomists is necessary to catalogue all species on Earth, it is shown that this is a finite task, and a proposal is made how a remaining 10 million species can be catalogued within 40 years by 1,000 well-trained and dedicated taxonomists, with an investment of $4 billion, corresponding to 0.0001% of the annual global GDP or 0.005% of annual military expenditures. Notorious undercitation of actually used taxonomic resources and lack of coverage of impact metrics for monographs and other taxonomic work that cannot be published in indexed journals is discussed and suggestions are made how this problem can be remedied. An increasing methodological gap in approaches to taxonomy, between classic morphological and advanced genomic studies, affects in particular taxonomists in biodiversity-rich countries and amateurs, also regarding proper training to apply advanced methods and concepts. To counterbalance this problem, international collaborations bringing different expertise to the table and undertaking mutual capacitation are one successful remedy. Classic taxonomy still works for many groups and is a first approach to catalogue species and establish taxon hypotheses, but ultimately each taxonomic group needs to be studied with the array of methods proper to the group, including descriptive work. Finally, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Nagoya Protocol has put additional burden on basic biodiversity science. Using lichenology in Latin America and Brazil as an example, it is shown that the spirit of non-monetary benefit-sharing proper to taxonomy and systematics, namely capacitation, joint publications, and shared reference collections, has been increasingly implemented long before the CBD and the Nagoya Protocol, and does not need additional “policing”. Indeed, the Nagoya Protocol puts the heaviest burden on taxonomy and researchers cataloguing biodiversity, whereas for the intended target group, namely those seeking revenue gain from nature, the protocol may not actually work effectively. The notion of currently freely accessible digital sequence information (DSI) to become subject to the protocol, even after previous publication, is misguided and conflicts with the guidelines for ethical scientific conduct. Through its implementation of the Nagoya Protocol, Colombia has set a welcome precedence how to exempt taxonomic and systematic research from “access to genetic resources”, and hopefully other biodiversity-rich countries will follow this example.

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Section: The Nagoya Protocol: Improvement or Impediment To The Sciencmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three challenges to contemporaneous taxonomy from a licheno-mycological perspective

Lücking

2020

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Rules and Practices of International Law on Benefit-Sharing for Sustainable Development

Medaglia

Perron-Welch

2020

Sustainability and Law

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The Nagoya Protocol and International Human Rights Law

Zheng

2023

Sustainable Development Goals Series

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Chapter 15. An International Cooperation Perspective on the Implementation of the Nagoya Protocol

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Three challenges to contemporaneous taxonomy from a licheno-mycological perspective

Three challenges to contemporaneous taxonomy from a licheno-mycological perspective

Rules and Practices of International Law on Benefit-Sharing for Sustainable Development

The Nagoya Protocol and International Human Rights Law

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