Chapter 14 Provenance, Distribution and Alteration of Volcanic Sediments in A Saline Alkaline Lake

Deike, Ruth G.; Jones, Blair F.

doi:10.1016/s0070-4571(08)70238-3

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…All samples appear to be enhanced in K, but strongly bound K that we refer to as occurring in neoformed illite (Deike and Jones, 1980, have shown no adequate source ofa detrital 10-)k phase) is only proved at sites 21 and 23 at depths of 0.8 m or more in uniformly fine sediment of perhaps a fresher lake. With regard to Mg enrichment, only samples 21jc and 23de appear to have no extra Mg, sample 21jb from 0.8 m depth has some, but not enough to give a trioctahedral phase detectable by IR.…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The largest clay contents were found in the most recently deposited lake-bottom sediments or in sediments from the playa at depths of >1 m (Deike and Jones, 1980). The <0.1-/zm fraction represents 5-15% of the <2-/zm clay.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Deike and Jones (1980) showed that the principal source of detrital material to Lake Abert is weathered rock debris from the Abert Rim. The present study has shown that the rocks weather to give a range of layer silicate minerals from montmorillonite to montmorillonite/illite and montmortillonite/intergrade smectitechlorite interstratifications.…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It lies on the downthrown side of a normal fault at the base of the Abert Rim, the scarp face of the adjacent upthrown block. Deike and Jones (1980) showed that the bulk of the fine sediment in the lake enters by mass movement off the steep slopes of the Abert Rim; however, some is the result of run-off from rocks surrounding the playa fiats to the north and northwest. The source rocks are Miocene and Pliocene volcanics that range from basalt to rhyolite, but are mainly of intermediate composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clay Minerals of Lake Abert, an Alkaline, Saline Lake

Jones

Weir

1983

Clays and clay miner.

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101

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Abstract--Mineralogical and chemical analyses of fine clay fractions from in and around Lake Abert, Lake County, Oregon, show that the pyroclastic rocks supplying detritus to the lake weather to a suite of layer silicate clay minerals varying from high-charge dioctahedral montmorillonite to montmorillonite/intergrade smectite-chlorite interstratifications. In the lake these clays extract K, Mg, and Si to form authigenic interstratified illite and a trioctahedral, Mg-rich mineral resembling stevensite in composition. Both the neoformed interstratifications contribute little unambiguously to X-ray powder diffraction patterns, which are dominated by the reflections of detrital clays. From limited data it appears that the illite occurs below 0.8 m depth in sediments of a possibly somewhat fresher (brackish) lake and the trioctahedral interstratification between 0.4 and 0.2 m depth in sediments of a lake of about the same size and salinity (about 30-90 g/kg) as that of the present take.

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Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clay Minerals of Lake Abert, an Alkaline, Saline Lake

Jones

Weir

1983

Clays and clay miner.

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101

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“…The shift is only between values for silica and aluminum, and other constituents are not noticeably affected. Kinney bentonite may contain mica impurity (Khoury et al, 1982), and the Lake Abert sediments contain fine-grained volcanic plagioclase (Deike and Jones, 1980). The potassium and sodium content, respectively, in these minerals is small relative to silica and alumina so that it would be difficult to detect small amounts in the analyses which had escaped detection by X-ray powder diffraction.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Rapid Methods for Chemical Analysis of Milligram Samples of Ultrafine Clays

Rettig¹,

Marinenko

Khoury

et al. 1983

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--Two rapid methods for the decomposition and chemical analysis of clays were adapted for use with 20-40-mg size samples, typical amounts of ultrafine products (<0.5-#m diameter) obtained by modern separation methods for clay minerals. The results of these methods were compared with those of"classical" rock analyses. The two methods consisted of mixed lithium metaborate fusion and heated decomposition with HF in a closed vessel. The latter technique was modified to include subsequent evaporation with concentrated H2SO 4 and re-solution in HCI, which reduced the interference of the fluoride ion in the determination of AI, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, and K. Results from the two methods agree sufficiently well with those of the "classical" techniques to minimize error in the calculation of clay mineral structural formulae. Representative maximum variations, in atoms per unit formula of the smectite type based on 22 negative charges, are 0.09 for St, 0.03 for AI, 0.015 for Fe, 0.07 for Mg, 0.03 for Na, and 0.01 for K.

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