Chapter 14 Neural mechanisms of cardiac pain

Rd, Foreman; Rw, Blair; Ws, Ammons

doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62765-x

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The general properties of thoracic viscero-somatic neurones reported here do not differ substantially from those recorded in previous studies in other species or at other levels of the spinal cord (see Foreman, Blair & Ammons, 1986;Ness & Gebhart (1990) for recent reviews). For instance, viscerosomatic neurones comprise a large proportion of all the neurones recorded in the dorsal horn (> 50 %).…”

Section: Samples Of Neuronessupporting

confidence: 59%

Hypothalamic influences on viscero‐somatic neurones in the lower thoracic spinal cord of the anaesthetized rat.

Lumb

1990

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Single unit electrical activity has been recorded from thirty-four viscerosomatic neurones in the dorsal horn of the lower thoracic spinal cord (T9-Ti 1) of chloralose-anaesthetized rats. All neurones were driven by natural and/or electrical stimulation within their somatic receptive fields and gave excitatory responses to electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral splanchnic nerve. Descending influences on these neurones were tested by electrical and chemical (microinjections of DLhomocysteic acid) stimulation of sites in the rostral hypothalamus.2. The electrical activity of most viscero-somatic neurones (64 %) was inhibited by electrical stimulation at sites throughout the anterior hypothalamus-preoptic region. In any one cell, responses to stimulation of visceral and somatic afferent fibres were inhibited to the same extent and any on-going activity was also depressed. Only one cell was driven by the conditioning stimulus and the electrical activity of the remaining cells (n = 7) was unaffected.3. At certain hypothalamic sites the effects of electrical conditioning stimulation on the responses of viscero-somatic neurones were compared with those of local microinjection of DL-homocysteic acid. Electrical stimulation at all sites tested (n = 7) led to an inhibition of on-going and evoked neuronal activity. At two hypothalamic sites, both located in the ventral part of the preoptic area, microinjection of DL-homocysteic acid resulted in a complete abolition of the responses to the test stimuli and in a cessation of any on-going activity. Microinjection of DL-homocysteic acid at the remaining five sites had no detectable influences on dorsal horn activity.4. The results of this study include the first description of input propertiesiqf viscero-somatic neurones in the lower thoracic spinal cord of the rat. In addition, these results demonstrate that transmission of visceral and somatic information through these neurones can be modulated by pathways that originate in the anterior hypothalamus-preoptic region of the ventromedial forebrain.

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Section: Samples Of Neuronessupporting

confidence: 59%

Hypothalamic influences on viscero‐somatic neurones in the lower thoracic spinal cord of the anaesthetized rat.

Lumb

1990

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Secondary projections target the thalamus and reticular formation in the brain. 33 Vagal afferent fibers also conduct some cardiac sensory fibers, 34 although vagal efferent stimulation can modulate sympathetic sensory stimulation with a reduction in associated spinothalamic tract activity. 35 A variety of mechanical 36,37 and chemical stimuli can activate cardiac sensory neurons in the spinal cord.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Cardiac Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40 It is possible that both mechanical and chemical stimuli act in concert to evoke the full nociceptive cardiac response. 33 The stimulus for cardiac pain has been examined previously. Inflammation is a common means of activating sensory pain fibers throughout the body.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Cardiac Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silent Myocardial Ischemia

Gutterman

2009

Circ J

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Although much progress has been made in reducing mortality from ischemic cardiovascular disease, this condition remains the leading cause of death throughout the world. This might in part be due to the fact that over half of patients have a catastrophic event (heart attack or sudden death) as their initial manifestation of coronary disease. Contributing to this statistic is the observation that the majority of myocardial ischemic episodes are silent, indicating an inability or failure to sense ischemic damage or stress on the heart. This review examines the clinical characteristics of silent myocardial ischemia, and explores mechanisms involved in the generation of angina pectoris. Possible mechanisms for the more common manifestation of injurious reductions in coronary flow; namely, silent ischemia, are also explored. A new theory for the mechanism of silent ischemia is proposed. Finally, the prognostic importance of silent ischemia and potential future directions for research are discussed. (Circ J 2009; 73: 785 -797)

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“…Even grant proposals have been criticized for suggesting that specific afferents are associated with the ANS (see Norgren 1985). Recently, some investigators have broken with tradition and used terms such as "sympathetic afferents" (Foreman et al 1986;Malliani 1982;Malliani et al 1973;Morgan et al 1986) and "parasympathetic af- Langley's PNS Concept (1921) Nerves ( Langley's (1921, p. 10) classification of the peripheral nervous system. Note that all afferents are classified as "somatic," including those with antidromic actions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

B-Afferents: A fundamental division of the nervous system mediating homeostasis?

Prechtl

Powley²

1990

Behav Brain Sci

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The peripheral nervous system (PNS) has classically been separated into a somatic division composed of both afferent and efferent pathways and an autonomic division containing only efferents. J. N. Langley, who codified this asymmetrical plan at the beginning of the twentieth century, considered different afferents, including visceral ones, as candidates for inclusion in his concept of the “autonomic nervous system” (ANS), but he finally excluded all candidates for lack of any distinguishing histological markers. Langley's classification has been enormously influential in shaping modern ideas about both the structure and the function of the PNS. We survey recent information about the PNS and argue that many of the sensory neurons designated as “visceral” and “somatic” are in fact part of a histologically distinct group of afferents concerned primarily autonomic function. These afferents have traditionally been known as “small dark” neurons or B-neurons. In this target article we outline an association between autonomic and B-neurons based on ontogeny, cell phenotype, and functional relations, grouping them together as part of a common reflex system involved in homeostasis. This more parsimonious classification of the PNS, made possible by the identification of a group of afferents associated primarily with the ANS, avoids a number of confusions produced by the classical orientation. It may also have practical implications for an understanding of nociception, homeostatic reflexes, and the evolution of the nervous system.

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Chapter 14 Neural mechanisms of cardiac pain

Cited by 20 publications

References 84 publications

Hypothalamic influences on viscero‐somatic neurones in the lower thoracic spinal cord of the anaesthetized rat.

Hypothalamic influences on viscero‐somatic neurones in the lower thoracic spinal cord of the anaesthetized rat.

Silent Myocardial Ischemia

B-Afferents: A fundamental division of the nervous system mediating homeostasis?

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