Chapter 13 Interorgan lipid and fatty acid metabolism in growing ruminants

Drackley, J.K.

doi:10.1016/s1877-1823(09)70020-7

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…Some veterinary findings suggest that the calves with deficient cholesterol status are more susceptible to diarrhoea and illness (41) . Supplementing starter diet with fat sources could stimulate cholesterol synthesis in the liver of dairy calves (42) . We assume that improvement in gain, growth and FE of pre-weaned calves supplemented with LSO in the present study might partly be related to the increased health status of the calves through HDL-cholesterol enhancement in these calves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of linseed oil and rumen undegradable protein:rumen degradable protein ratio on performance of Holstein dairy calves

et al. 2020

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AbstractThe present study evaluated the interaction effects of n-3 fatty acids (from linseed oil (LSO), 0 v. 2·5, % DM basis) with rumen undegradable:degradable protein (RUP:RDP) ratios (low ratio (LR) 27:73; high ratio (HR) 38:62 based on crude protein %) in dairy calves’ starter diet. Forty-eight 3-d-old female Holstein dairy calves (41·5 kg of body weight (BW)) were allocated in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangements in the following treatments (n 12 calves/each): (1) no supplementation of LSO with LR (NLSO-LR); (2) no supplementation of LSO with HR (NLSO-HR); (3) supplementation of LSO with LR (LSO-LR) and (4) supplementation of LSO with HR (LSO-HR). The calves were weaned on day 53 of the experiment and remained in the study until day 73. Intake was not affected by LSO and RUP:RDP ratio. However, average daily gain (ADG) was improved with LSO supplementation. Feeding the HR diet increased ADG compared with the LR diet during the entire period. Final BW was greater in calves fed on the LSO than those fed the NLSO diet. Microbial protein production did not differ among treatments. Calves fed on LSO diets had greater feed efficiency than those which were not fed on LSO diets. The calves supplemented with LSO had greater wither and hip heights compared with the unsupplemented calves. The glucose, cholesterol, HDL and insulin concentrations increased in calves supplemented with LSO. In conclusion, the HR diet improved calves’ performance post-weaning; however, LSO could enhance growth performance of dairy calves during the pre-weaning period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of linseed oil and rumen undegradable protein:rumen degradable protein ratio on performance of Holstein dairy calves

et al. 2020

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“…Cholesterol is synthesised primarily in the liver of preruminant calves as products of lipid metabolism (58) . The observed higher concentrations of cholesterol in plasma of calves fed FC-2 may simply reflect the preferential esterification of cholesterol esters with high intake of unsaturated FA compared with that of calves fed FC-0.…”

Section: Effect Of Preweaning Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of supplementation fat during the last 3 weeks of uterine life and the preweaning period on performance, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, passive immunity and health of the newborn calf

et al. 2019

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing essential fatty acids (FA), during late gestation and the preweaning and early weaning periods on passive immunity, growth, health, rumen fermentation parameters, blood metabolites and behaviour of dairy calves. During the last 3 weeks of pregnancy, cattle (n 120), within parity, were randomly assigned to one of three diets with different fat supplements: (a) no supplemental fat (CON), (b) supplement rich in linoleic acid (CSO), or (c) supplement rich in EPA and DHA (CFO). Eighty-four newborn Holstein calves were randomly assigned, within the prepartum diets, to one of two calf starters: no fat supplement (FC-0) or 2 % Ca-salt of unsaturated FA (FC-2). Overall, the interaction between dam diets and calf starters did not affect calf performance or any other parameter measured. Calves born from dams fed fat (CSO or CFO) performed better than calves born from dams fed CON. Namely, calves born from dams fed fat had greater plasma concentrations of IgG (P < 0·01), better apparent efficiency of IgG absorption (P < 0·01) and average daily gain (ADG, 597 v. 558 g/d; P = 0·02), and lower rectal temperature (RT; P < 0·01). Calves fed a calf starter rich in unsaturated FA (FC-2) had greater (P ≤ 0·01) ADG, skeletal growth, feed efficiency, and weaning weight compared with FC-0-fed calves. Furthermore, calves fed FC-2 had lower RT during the pre- and post-weaning periods (P ≤ 0·04) and fewer days with diarrhoea (P < 0·001) compared with calves fed CF-0. Time spent eating, ruminating, standing, lying, and on non-nutritive oral behaviour did not differ by treatment. Similarly, treatments did not affect ruminal fermentation parameters. At 28 and 77 d of age, calves fed CF-2 had higher plasma concentrations of albumin and cholesterol (P ≤ 0·02) and lower urea N compared with calves fed CF-0. Plasma concentrations of alkaline phosphatase were higher in calves fed CF-2 compared with those fed CF-0, when they were 77 d old. These findings support feeding moderate amounts of long-chain PUFA during late uterine life or during the preweaning period have beneficial effects on calf metabolism, growth, and health performance.

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“…Changes in milk fat content and milk fatty acid composition may be responsible for enhanced calf growth as well. Fatty acids can be oxidized for energy or deposited in adipose tissue depending upon chain length (Drackley, 2005). MCFAs are primarily oxidized for energy and while LCFA may be oxidized, they are primarily deposited into adipose tissue (Drackley, 2005).…”

Section: Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fatty acids can be oxidized for energy or deposited in adipose tissue depending upon chain length (Drackley, 2005). MCFAs are primarily oxidized for energy and while LCFA may be oxidized, they are primarily deposited into adipose tissue (Drackley, 2005). UFAs may promote muscle cell growth (Hurley et al, 2006) and may also provide antimicrobial and antiviral effects (Hristov et al, 2004).…”

Section: Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding dried distillers grains with solubles to lactating beef cows: impact of excess protein and fat on cow performance, milk production and pre-weaning progeny growth

Shee

Lemenager

Schoonmaker

2016

Animal

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Multiparous Angus × Simmental cows (n = 54, 5.22 ± 2.51 years) with male progeny were fed one of two diets supplemented with either dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) or soybean meal (CON), from calving until day 129 postpartum (PP) to determine effects of excess protein and fat on cow performance, milk composition and calf growth. Diets were formulated to be isocaloric and consisted of rye hay and DDGS (19.4% CP; 8.76% fat), or corn silage, rye hay and soybean meal (11.7% CP; 2.06% fat). Cow-calf pairs were allotted by cow and calf age, BW and breed. Cow BW and body condition score (BCS; P ⩾ 0.13) were similar throughout the experiment. A weigh-suckle-weigh was performed on day 64 and day 110 ± 10 PP to determine milk production. Milk was collected on day 68 and day 116 ± 10 PP for analysis of milk components. Milk production was unaffected ( P ⩾ 0.75) by dietary treatments. Milk urea nitrogen was increased at both time points in DDGS compared with CON cows ( P < 0.01). Protein was decreased ( P = 0.01) and fat was increased ( P = 0.01) in milk from DDGS compared with CON cows on day 68 PP. Compared to CON, DDGS decreased medium chain FA ( P < 0.01) and increased long chain FA ( P < 0.01) at both time points. Saturated FA content of milk was decreased ( P < 0.01) at both time-points in DDGS compared with CON cows, which resulted in an increase ( P < 0.01) in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FA, including cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid. Daily gain of the DDGS calves was increased ( P = 0.01) compared with CON calves, resulting in heavier BW on day 129 ( P = 0.01). Heavier BW of DDGS calves was maintained through weaning ( P = 0.01). Timed-artificial insemination (TAI) rates were greater for cows fed DDGS compared with cows fed CON ( P < 0.02), but dietary treatment had no effect on overall pregnancy rates ( P = 0.64). In summary, feeding DDGS to lactating beef cows did not change cow BW or BCS, but did improve TAI rates and altered milk composition compared with CON. As a result, male progeny from cows fed DDGS during lactation had greater average daily gain and were heavier at day 129 and at weaning compared with male progeny from cows fed a control diet.

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Chapter 13 Interorgan lipid and fatty acid metabolism in growing ruminants

Cited by 10 publications

References 164 publications

Effects of linseed oil and rumen undegradable protein:rumen degradable protein ratio on performance of Holstein dairy calves

Effects of linseed oil and rumen undegradable protein:rumen degradable protein ratio on performance of Holstein dairy calves

Effect of supplementation fat during the last 3 weeks of uterine life and the preweaning period on performance, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, passive immunity and health of the newborn calf

Feeding dried distillers grains with solubles to lactating beef cows: impact of excess protein and fat on cow performance, milk production and pre-weaning progeny growth

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