Chapter 12 Scallop ecology: Distributions and behaviour

Brand, A. R.

doi:10.1016/s0167-9309(06)80039-6

Cited by 109 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 230 publications

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“…This result was surprising as the 528 density of king scallops had been consistently greater within the reserve than outside for the 529 past three years, and their density within the reserve had steadily increased over the four year 530 study period. Even so, as scallops breed by releasing both male and female gametes into the 531 water column during synchronised spawning events (Brand 2006), any increase in population 532 density will likely result in a rapid increase in fertilisation success (Macleod et al 1985 2011) but as our survey design was balanced (i.e. we surveyed an equal number of sites of 541 similar habitat and depth) this is unlikely.…”

Section: Comparisons Of Exploitable and Reproductive Biomass 451mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ecosystem protection on scallop populations within a community-led temperate marine reserve

et al. 2015

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ReuseItems deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. Marine BiologyEffects of ecosystem protection on scallop populations within a community-led temperate marine reserve Abstract: This study investigated the effects of a newly established, fully protected marine reserve on benthic habitats and two commercially valuable species of scallop in Lamlash Bay, Isle of Arran, United Kingdom. Annual dive surveys from 2010 to 2013 showed the abundance of juvenile scallops to be significantly greater within the marine reserve than outside. Generalised linear models revealed this trend to be significantly related to the greater presence of macroalgae and hydroids growing within the boundaries of the reserve. These results suggest that structurally complex habitats growing within the reserve have substantially increased spat settlement and / or survival. The density of adult king scallops declined 3-fold with increasing distance from the boundaries of the reserve, indicating possible evidence of spillover or reduced fishing effort directly outside and around the marine reserve. However, there was no difference in the mean density of adult scallops between the reserve and outside. Finally, the mean age, size, and reproductive and exploitable biomass of king scallops were all significantly greater within the reserve. In contrast to king scallops, the population dynamics of queen scallops (Aequipecten opercularis) fluctuated randomly over the survey period and showed little difference between the reserve and outside. Overall, this study is consistent with the hypothesis that marine reserves can encourage the recovery of seafloor habitats, which in turn, can benefit populations of commercially exploited species, emphasising the importance of marine reserves in the ecosystem-based management of fisheries. scallops to be significantly greater within the marine reserve than outside. Generalised linear 21 models revealed this trend to be significantly related to the greater presence of macroalgae 22 and hydroids growing within the boundaries of the reserve. These results suggest that 23 structurally complex habitats growing within the reserve have substantially increased spat 24 settlement and / or survival. The density of adult king scallops declined 3-fold with increasing 25 distance from the boundaries of the reserve, indicating possible evidence of spillover or 26 reduced fishing effort directly outside and around the marine ...

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Section: Comparisons Of Exploitable and Reproductive Biomass 451mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ecosystem protection on scallop populations within a community-led temperate marine reserve

et al. 2015

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“…Events of swimming activity have been shown to depend on various biotic (e.g. predator abundance or size/age (Wiborg 1963;Brand 2006) and abiotic factors such as displacement from preferred sites (Winter and Hamilton 1985), effects of currents (Gruffydd 1976) or temperature (Scheibling et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of ocean acidification on escape performance of the king scallop, Pecten maximus, from Norway

et al. 2012

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The ongoing process of ocean acidification already affects marine life, and according to the concept of oxygen and capacity limitation of thermal tolerance, these effects may be intensified at the borders of the thermal tolerance window. We studied the effects of elevated CO 2 concentrations on clapping performance and energy metabolism of the commercially important scallop Pecten maximus. Individuals were exposed for at least 30 days to 4°C (winter) or to 10°C (spring/summer) at either ambient (0.04 kPa, normocapnia) or predicted future PCO 2 levels (0.11 kPa, hypercapnia). Cold-exposed (4°C) groups revealed thermal stress exacerbated by PCO 2 indicated by a high mortality overall and its increase from 55 % under normocapnia to 90 % under hypercapnia. We therefore excluded the 4°C groups from further experimentation. Scallops at 10°C showed impaired clapping performance following hypercapnic exposure. Force production was significantly reduced although the number of claps was unchanged between normocapnia-and hypercapnia-exposed scallops. The difference between maximal and resting metabolic rate (aerobic scope) of the hypercapnic scallops was significantly reduced compared with normocapnic animals, indicating a reduction in net aerobic scope. Our data confirm that ocean acidification narrows the thermal tolerance range of scallops resulting in elevated vulnerability to temperature extremes and impairs the animal's performance capacity with potentially detrimental consequences for its fitness and survival in the ocean of tomorrow.

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“…For example, hydroids and bryozoans are key settlement habitats for scallop larvae but are among the first species removed by fishing disturbance (Bradshaw et al 2001(Bradshaw et al , 2003. Lowering fishing disturbance may also reduce turbidity and improve water quality, which for filter-feeding invertebrates such as many shellfish species may have implications for survival and growth (Brand 1991). Finally, maintaining large enough pockets of the marine environment in a relatively undisturbed condition not only provides a safeguard for the future, but also a reference point for examining the effect of fishing on exploited populations and communities (Murray et al 1999, Dayton et al 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of closed area protection for a population of scallops

Stewart¹,

Vause²,

Mosley³

et al. 2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Despite the current interest in using closed areas for fisheries management, few studies have actually examined the benefits for invertebrate fisheries such as scallops. This study details the dynamics of a population of great scallops Pecten maximus (L.), within a closed area and an adjacent fished area off the Isle of Man, over a 14 yr period (1989 to 2003). Scallop densities were very low in both areas when the closed area was set up, but increased at an accelerated rate over time within the closed area. Scallop densities also increased on the adjacent fishing ground, but not to the same extent. Consequently, the density of scallops above the minimum legal landing size (110 mm SL) was more than 7 times higher in the closed area than in the fished area by 2003. There was also a shift towards much older and larger scallops in the closed area and, correspondingly, lower estimates of total mortality. Experimental dredging of 2 plots within the closed area confirmed that fishing drove these differences in population dynamics and structure. These patterns of scallop density, age and size structure resulted in the exploitable biomass (adductor muscle and gonad) of scallops being nearly 11 times higher in the closed area than in the fished area by 2003, and the reproductive biomass was 12.5 times higher. This is significant for fisheries management because the build up of high densities of large P. maximus individuals enhanced local reproductive potential and therefore the likelihood of export of larvae to the surrounding fishing grounds. Along with these direct benefits of closed area protection, juvenile scallops had higher survival and individual growth rates in the closed area, apparently in response to reduced fishing disturbance. Although juvenile scallops are not subject to direct removal by fishing, protection during this critical phase therefore appeared to assist the recovery of the closed area population. In summary, this study joins a growing number indicating that the use of closed areas offers a range of benefits over more traditional methods of managing fisheries. Fisheries for relatively sedentary and long-lived species such as P. maximus appear to be particularly suitable for this type of management.

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Chapter 12 Scallop ecology: Distributions and behaviour

Cited by 109 publications

References 230 publications

Effects of ecosystem protection on scallop populations within a community-led temperate marine reserve

Effects of ecosystem protection on scallop populations within a community-led temperate marine reserve

Impact of ocean acidification on escape performance of the king scallop, Pecten maximus, from Norway

Benefits of closed area protection for a population of scallops

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