Chapter 11 Rock–water interaction and its control on chemical composition of groundwater

Elango, L.; Kannan, R.

doi:10.1016/s1474-8177(07)05011-5

Cited by 119 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Next to rock dominance, a few groundwater samples fell into evaporation dominant area, signifying the role of evaporation on shallow groundwater chemistry. The dominance of silicate weathering is reflected if bicarbonate and sulfate dominate calcium and magnesium, resulting in increasing the concentration of HCO 3 in groundwater (Elango and Kannan 2003). The scatter diagram of Ca ?…”

Section: Mechanisms Controlling Groundwater Chemistry Gibbs Diagram Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using hydrochemical studies in Malwa region, southwestern part of Punjab, India

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Deterioration of groundwater quality due to anthropogenic activities is increasing at an alarming rate in most parts of the Punjab, but limited work has been carried out on groundwater quality and monitoring. This paper highlights the groundwater quality and compares its suitability for drinking and irrigation purpose in Malwa region, a southwestern part of Punjab. The Malwa region makes up the most cultivated area of Punjab with high consumption of pesticides and fertilizers. Twenty-four water samples representing groundwater sources were collected and analyzed for almost all major cations, anions and other physicochemical parameters. Analytical results of physicochemical analysis showed majority of the samples above the permissible limits of the Indian standards. The groundwater of the study area was very hard and the relative abundance of major cations and anions was Na ? [ Ca 2? [ Mg 2? [ K ? and HCO 3 -[ SO 4 2-[ Cl -. Fluoride content was higher than permissible limit in 75 % of the samples. The mean concentration of arsenic in groundwater was 9.37 and 11.01lg/L during summer and winter season, respectively. The parameters like sodium adsorption ratio and sodium percentage (Na%) revealed good quality of groundwater for irrigation purposes, whereas magnesium ratio and corrosivity ratio values showed that water is not suitable for agriculture and domestic use. The dominant hydrochemical facies of groundwater was Ca-Mg-HCO 3 and Ca-Mg-SO 4 -Cl. Chloro alkaline indices 1 and 2 indicated that reverse ion exchange is dominant in the region. The samples fall in rock dominance and evaporation dominance fields as indicated by Gibbs diagram. The saturation index shows that all the water samples were supersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals. This work thus concludes that groundwater in the study area is chemically unsuitable for domestic and agricultural uses. It is recommended to carry out a continuous water quality monitoring program and development of effective management practices for utilization of water resources.

show abstract

Section: Mechanisms Controlling Groundwater Chemistry Gibbs Diagram Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using hydrochemical studies in Malwa region, southwestern part of Punjab, India

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the study site, the water chemistry is influenced by the ion exchange, rock-water interaction, and evaporation/saline sources. Other researchers also reported similar processes in various countries [48][49][50]. However, wells located far from the coastal region also have NaCl type water, which seems to be due to infiltration of wastewater from domestic and irrigational activities.…”

Section: Geochemical Approachmentioning

confidence: 52%

Coastal Aquifer Contamination and Geochemical Processes Evaluation in Tugela Catchment, South Africa—Geochemical and Statistical Approaches

Ntanganedzeni

Elumalai

Rajmohan

2018

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Assessment of groundwater quality, contamination sources and geochemical processes in the coastal aquifer of Tugela Catchment, South Africa were carried out by the geochemical and statistical approach using major ion chemistry of 36 groundwater samples. Results suggest that the spatial distribution pattern of EC, TDS, Na, Mg, Cl and SO 4 are homogenous and elevated concentrations are observed in the wells in the coastal region and few wells near the Tugela River. Wells located far from the coast are enriched by Ca, HCO 3 and CO 3 . Durov diagrams, Gibbs plots, ionic ratios, chloro alkaline indices (CAI1 and CAI2) and correlation analysis imply that groundwater chemistry in the coastal aquifer of Tugela Catchment is regulated by the ion exchange, mineral dissolution, saline sources, and wastewater infiltration from domestic sewage; septic tank leakage and irrigation return flow. Principle component analysis also ensured the role of saline and anthropogenic sources and carbonates dissolution on water chemistry. Spatial distributions of factor score also justify the above predictions. Groundwater suitability assessment indicates that around 80% and 90% of wells exceeded the drinking water standards recommended by the WHO and South African drinking water standards (SAWQG), respectively. Based on SAR, RSC, PI, and MH classifications, most of the wells are suitable for irrigation in the study region. USSL classification suggests that groundwater is suitable for coarse-textured soils and salt-tolerant crops. The study recommends that a proper management plan is required to protect this coastal aquifer efficiently.

show abstract

“…8) shows that most of the sample points plot below the 1:1 line, which indicates the excess of calcium over sulphate and highlights additional geochemical processes as the source of these ions. The contribution of silicate weathering to cation concentration of the groundwater can also be explained (Na+ + K+)/Total cation index (Stallard and Edmond, 1983;Elango and Kannan, 2007) [5,16]. The Na+ + K+ vs. TZ+ ( Fig.…”

Section: Fig 7 Ca2+ Vs Hco3-scatter Diagrammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When it flows through geological formation a number of processes occur which cause an exchange of soluble solids between the rocks and water. Thus mineral composition of the rocks consequently plays a major role in the chemical constituents of groundwater (Elango and Kannan, 2007) [5]. Changes in the concentrations of ions in the water of an aquifer, whether from natural or anthropogenic activities, may alter the suitability of the aquifer system as a source of water [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical evaluation of groundwater quality in Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Nolakana¹,

Siad²,

Solomon³

2016

VKNUGEOL

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydrogeochemical investigations were carried out in Newcastle, in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa to identify the major geochemical processes that control groundwater chemistry. 31 samples were collected and analysed for Magnesium (Mg2+), Calcium (Ca2+), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Chloride (Cl-), Sulfate (SO42-), Bicarbonate (HCO3-), Nitrate (NO3-), Fluoride (F-), pH, TDS and EC. Classical hydro-chemical methods; facies analysis and major ion analysis were used to further understand the composition controlling processes. It was inferred from the hydro-chemical facies, major ion scatter plots that the major process affecting the groundwater chemistry in the area is rock-water interaction. The ionic concentration is due to silicate weathering, carbonate weathering and ion exchange processes.

show abstract

Chapter 11 Rock–water interaction and its control on chemical composition of groundwater

Cited by 119 publications

References 12 publications

Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using hydrochemical studies in Malwa region, southwestern part of Punjab, India

Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using hydrochemical studies in Malwa region, southwestern part of Punjab, India

Coastal Aquifer Contamination and Geochemical Processes Evaluation in Tugela Catchment, South Africa—Geochemical and Statistical Approaches

Geochemical evaluation of groundwater quality in Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About