Chapter 11 Inland Desalination: Current Practices, Environmental Implications, and Case Studies in Las Vegas, NV

Stanford, Benjamin D.; Leising, Joseph F.; Bond, Rick; Snyder, Shane A.

doi:10.1016/s1871-2711(09)00211-6

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Hypersaline brines are of growing environmental concern. , Prominent examples of such high-salinity brines include water produced by the oil and gas industry, , waste streams of minimum/zero-liquid discharge operations, inland desalination concentrate, , landfill leachate, and flue gas desulfurization wastewater . Very high total dissolved solids (TDS) of >60000 ppm pose considerable technical challenges during treatment .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane-less and Non-Evaporative Desalination of Hypersaline Brines by Temperature Swing Solvent Extraction

Boo

Winton

Conway

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Hypersaline brines are of growing environmental importance but are technologically under-served by today's desalination methods. Temperature swing solvent extraction (TSSE) is a radically different desalination technology that is membrane-less and not based on evaporative phase change. TSSE utilizes lowtemperature heat and a low-polarity solvent with temperature-dependent water solubility for the selective extraction of water over salt from saline feeds. This study demonstrates TSSE desalination of high-salinity brines simulated by NaCl solutions with three amine solvents: diisopropylamine (DIPA), N-ethylcyclohexylamine (ECHA), and N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA). We show that TSSE can desalinate brines with salinities as high as ≈234000 ppm total dissolved solids (i.e., 4.0 M NaCl) and achieve salt removals up to 98.4%. Among the solvents, DIPA exhibited the highest water extraction efficiency whereas ECHA and DMCHA produced water with the lowest salt content and solvent residue content, respectively. Lastly, a high water recovery of >50% was demonstrated for TSSE desalination of 1.5 M NaCl brine using DIPA in semibatch experiments with multiple extraction cycles. This study underscores the unique capabilities of TSSE for the desalination of hypersaline brines.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane-less and Non-Evaporative Desalination of Hypersaline Brines by Temperature Swing Solvent Extraction

Boo

Winton

Conway

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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“…Emerging technologies that are growing in importance are membrane distillation or pervaporation (aka pervaporative separation) [32], capacitive deionization [33], and FO (forward osmosis) [34][35][36]. The ZLD technique (Zero Liquid Discharge) may be of interest in those cases where the brine has heavy metals or other toxics that are wanted to be captured in the resulting solid product [37,38]. One solution for ZLD are evaporation-crystallization processes [39,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uses of the reject brine from inland desalination for fish farming, Spirulina cultivation, and irrigation of forage shrub and crops

2015

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“…The permeability-selectivity tradeoff should be considered when selecting values for water permeability, A, and membrane salt permeability, B. In this study, we consider the permeability-selectivity tradeoff relationship for thin-film-composite (TFC) polyamide membranes [33,36], i.e., B = γA 3 (69)…”

Section: Technical and Cost Parameters For Technology Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To ensure the sustainable availability of water for global population, the environment, and industry, unconventional and alternative water sources, such as seawater, brackish water, and wastewaters from municipal and industrial sectors, will have to be relied upon to meet the challenge. Desalination technology can treat these alternative water sources and produces about 95.4 million m 3 /day of fresh water globally, but the associated generation of brine is about 141.5 million m 3 /day [1,2]. Thus, brine management presents a significant barrier for further adoption, especially for inland desalination [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Desalination technology can treat these alternative water sources and produces about 95.4 million m 3 /day of fresh water globally, but the associated generation of brine is about 141.5 million m 3 /day [1,2]. Thus, brine management presents a significant barrier for further adoption, especially for inland desalination [3]. In the case of coastal seawater plants, the typical approach is ocean disposal via discharge outfalls with diffusers that promote mixing to dilute and release brine into offshore mixing zones [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathways for minimal and zero liquid discharge with enhanced reverse osmosis technologies: Module-scale modeling and techno-economic assessment

2021

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While mechanical vapor compression is typically applied for the concentration of brine, new approaches that are less costly and less energy intensive are needed to facilitate minimal and zero liquid discharge. Several variations of reverse osmosis for high-salinity desalination and increasing recovery rates beyond the pressure limitation of conventional RO have been proposed in the literature. The promise of these enhanced RO approaches entails a reduction in energy consumption when compared with thermal desalination methods. In this paper, low-salt rejection reverse osmosis (LSRRO), cascading osmotically mediated reverse osmosis (COMRO), and osmotically assisted reverse osmosis (OARO) were comparatively assessed via module-scale, cost optimization models to gain an accurate perspective of the performance differences between each of these configurations. We quantified the optimal levelized cost of water (LCOW) of each technology for the case of desalinating feedwater at 70 g/L at 75% recovery, which would result in a brine concentration near 250 g/L, a level that allows further treatment with crystallizers. For baseline scenarios, LCOW results for LSRRO, COMRO, and OARO were 6.63, 7.90, and 5.14 $/m 3 of product water, respectively, while the corresponding specific energy consumption (SEC) values were 28.9, 12.8, and 10.3 kWh/m 3 . A sensitivity analysis is also presented. KeywordsBrine management Minimal liquid discharge Zero discharge Zero liquid discharge Osmotically assisted reverse osmosis High-salinity desalination

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Chapter 11 Inland Desalination: Current Practices, Environmental Implications, and Case Studies in Las Vegas, NV

Cited by 37 publications

References 23 publications

Membrane-less and Non-Evaporative Desalination of Hypersaline Brines by Temperature Swing Solvent Extraction

Membrane-less and Non-Evaporative Desalination of Hypersaline Brines by Temperature Swing Solvent Extraction

Uses of the reject brine from inland desalination for fish farming, Spirulina cultivation, and irrigation of forage shrub and crops

Pathways for minimal and zero liquid discharge with enhanced reverse osmosis technologies: Module-scale modeling and techno-economic assessment

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