“…One highly influential hypothesis that stems from research on L1 influence is Kellerman's (1977Kellerman's ( , 1978Kellerman's ( , 1983Kellerman's ( , 1984Kellerman's ( , 1986Kellerman's ( , 1987 notion of ''psychotypology'' or perceived language distance, 1 which refers to the relations that learners perceive to exist between the native language and the target language, that is, the perceived linguistic distance between L1 and second language (L2) forms or structures. Whereas in the recent literature on L1 influence, the term psychotypology has been largely replaced by terms such as language distance and typological proximity (Jarvis, 2000;Odlin, 1989;Ringbom, 1987), discussions on psychotypology, as well as the use of the term, frequently appear in the literature on multilingualism and the acquisition of languages beyond the L2 (Bouvy, 2000;Cenoz, 2001;Cenoz & Jessner, 2000;De Angelis & Selinker, 2001;Ecke, 2001;Kellerman, 2001;Ringbom, 2001). When a hypothesis developed to account for L1 influence is used to account for nonnative linguistic influence and multilinguals' production, however, some considerations arise.…”