Chapter 10 Completion Equipment

Bellarby, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/s0376-7361(08)00210-0

Cited by 19 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As expounded earlier, extensive research on the application of chemical methods has been conducted and compared with the mechanical methods such as the use of screens, liners, gravel packs, and so forth. Chemical treatment of oil and gas wells can be generally divided into two categoriesi.e., the use of gravel packs optimized by chemicals and the use of different chemicals to strengthen the formation . This study reviews techniques based on the downhole injection of chemicals into oil and gas wells.…”

Section: Chemical Treatment For Sand Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sand production mainly occurs in unconsolidated or semiconsolidated formations, because of the stress forces inflicted upon the formation during the drilling or production operations and the drag forces imposed due to the fluid flow inside the formation . Chemicals are injected into the wellbore to help strengthen its mechanical properties overcoming the sand production problem. − On the other hand, by sticking the sand particles together, and finally their adherence to the reservoir rock, the migration and the accumulation of sand around the wellbore is stopped, leading to a halt in permeability reduction…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Chemical Sand Production Control Techniques in Oil Reservoirs

et al. 2022

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This review aims to bring together the studies on petroleum reservoirs’ sand production control in a comprehensive guide for the researcher to compare various methods for the chemical consolidation of sand. Sand production can be considered one of the major challenges in the petroleum production industry, causing severe operational issues. This study introduces various methods to control and prevent sand production in petroleum wells and evaluates their advantages and performance in tabular form. The use of chemical procedures is considered to be more efficient in counteracting the production and migration of sand. Various chemicals and polymers have been proposed for this purpose. These chemicals should increase the consolidation of the formation rock while not reducing its permeability. The complexity and simplicity of the substances will be the two main factors. Novelties are generally tied with complex chemical structures. Conversely, simplicity makes them affordable, which is essential for industrialization. Success is obtained when the two are combined. This Review is expected to allow individual experts to compare various methods and be a handbook guiding them in the pursuit of finding the appropriate method of sand control for each reservoir.

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Section: Chemical Treatment For Sand Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Chemical Sand Production Control Techniques in Oil Reservoirs

et al. 2022

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“…Carbonate scales are common and have the ability to form and build up rapidly upon surfaces . While the formation of barium sulfate (BaSO 4 ) scale, like metal sulfides, is prompted by the injection of sulfate containing seawater, calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) can precipitate during the primary recovery phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concentrations of dissolved aqueous H 2 S in the produced water of North Sea oil wells have been recorded at levels as high as 55 ppm during production, yet it has been reported that concentrations as low as 2 ppm are sufficient to prompt formation of sulfide scale. , While both PbS and ZnS scales are rarely found in isolation, this contribution focuses solely on PbS deposition to simply and effectively characterize the metal sulfide scaling mechanism, and highlight the contrast between sulfide and conventional scales. Precipitation of PbS crystals and the location at which they adhere to surfaces of production equipment or tubing is reported to be based upon changes in temperature, water chemistry, pH, and residence time; in addition to the oil composition, characteristics and water-cut .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research in the area of sulfide mineral scale prevention has predominantly focused on chemical inhibition, ,, or physical removal through acid chemical treatment combined with mechanical methods . As an alternative to batch injection or reactionary mechanical techniques, the use of antifouling coatings has been proposed as a way to drastically reduce the initial deposition and buildup of inorganic scales on surfaces. − This contribution investigates a number of proposed antifouling coatings with diverse physio-chemical parameters, variants of which are already implemented in downhole applications due to their high durability and fouling resistant properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deposition of Inorganic Carbonate, Sulfate, and Sulfide Scales on Antifouling Surfaces in Multiphase Flow

et al. 2017

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Impairment of flow by way of mineral scale formation is a major complication affecting production in the oil and gas industry. Soured reservoirs contain hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) that can prompt the formation of exotic metal sulfide scales, leading to detrimental fouling that can negatively impact production. The contrast in the mode of precipitation (solid formation from liquid solution) and deposition of both sulfide scale and conventional inorganic carbonate and sulfate scales is herein examined. Design of an experimental rig allowing diffusion of H 2 S gas into the brine phase of a sealed reaction vessel resulted in a realistic representation of scaling processes occurring within sour reservoirs. Multiphase conditions, induced by introduction of a light oil phase to scaling brine within a turbulent regime, aimed to study the effect of oil and water wetting on pipeline fouling. Performance of a range of antifouling surfaces was determined through measurement of scale deposition by gravimetry and microscopy techniques. Under conditions modeled to reflect a typical H 2 S-containing reservoir, the contrasting scaling mechanisms of conventional calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and barium sulfate (BaSO 4 ) scales when compared to lead sulfide (PbS) scale highlighted the critical role of the light oil phase on deposition. While conventional scales showed deposition by both crystallization and adhesion onto surfaces, the thermodynamic driving force for PbS prompted rapid bulk nucleation, with adhesion acting as the overwhelmingly dominant mechanism for deposition. The results showed that the addition of a 5% v/v light oil phase had a profound effect on scale particle behavior and deposition onto antifouling surfaces of varying wettability as a result of two processes. Primarily, the oil wetting of hydrophobic surfaces acted as a barrier to deposition, and second, adsorption of scale crystals at the oil/water interface of oil droplets within a turbulent oil-in-water emulsion resulted in adhesion to hydrophilic surfaces after impaction. It is therefore proposed that sulfide scale, typically deposited in the upper regions of production tubing, is driven by adhesion after formation of a PbS solid-stabilized Pickering emulsion. This contrasts with the commonly held view that metal sulfides precipitate and deposit similarly to conventional scales, whereby salts crystallize both directly upon surfaces and in the aqueous bulk phase as solubility decreases toward the wellhead.

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Sand control screen selection for cased dual‐annulus gas offshore wells based on scaled laboratory tests

Miri,

Salimi,

Stewart

et al. 2023

Can J Chem Eng

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This paper assessed and ranked several alternatives to control sand production in a well recompletion effort of offshore gas wells that have experienced massive sanding. The aim was to select an appropriate thru‐liner sand control system to increase well productivity. Four different screen types were evaluated, including a wire‐wrapped screen (WWS), slotted liner (SL), punched screen (PS), and a new multi‐layer open cell matrix polymer (OCMP) filter resembling gravel‐pack. The performance of screens regarding sand production and plugging was evaluated using a sand retention testing facility featuring a custom‐made device that mimics the unique well completion configuration. Further, a novel testing setup was constructed to assess the erosion potential of screens subject to high‐velocity gas and sand flow. All assessments were conducted under the representative actual well conditions. Laboratory tests indicate the superior performance of the OCMP filter compared to the other three options. Even though SL, WWS, and PS performed similarly in sanding, the WWS posed a higher erosion risk, with PS following in second place. The plugging tendency of the WWS was the least among all the options, whereas the PS had the highest tendency. Despite this, the WWS's sanding performance is expected to decline due to its vulnerability to erosion. Overall, the testing results indicated that the OCMP filter provides a promising solution to the issue of sand production in the gas wells being evaluated. However, the interaction of the OCMP filter with potential treatment chemicals in the wells should be tested before it can be used.

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Chapter 10 Completion Equipment

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

A Review on Chemical Sand Production Control Techniques in Oil Reservoirs

A Review on Chemical Sand Production Control Techniques in Oil Reservoirs

Deposition of Inorganic Carbonate, Sulfate, and Sulfide Scales on Antifouling Surfaces in Multiphase Flow

Sand control screen selection for cased dual‐annulus gas offshore wells based on scaled laboratory tests

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