Chapter 1 The Oxidation of Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide

Dixon‐Lewis, G.; Williams, D. J.

doi:10.1016/s0069-8040(08)70079-7

Cited by 74 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 408 publications

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“…Dixon-Lewis and Williams [46], expounded on the oxidation characteristics of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in 1969. The body of research into the basic combustion characteristics of gasified fuel includes studies on the flammability limits of mixed gas, consisting of CH 4 or H 2 diluted with N 2 , Ar or He [47]; a review of the flammability and explosion limits of H 2 and H 2 /CO fuels [48]; the impact of N 2 on burning velocity [49]; the effect of N 2 and CO 2 on flammability limits [50,51]; and the combustion characteristics of low calorific fuel [52,53]; studies by Merryman et al [54], on NOx formation in CO flame; studies by Miller et al [55], on the conversion characteristics of HCN in H 2 -O 2 -HCN-Ar flames; studies by Song et al [56], on the effects of fuel-rich combustion on the conversion of the fixed nitrogen to N 2 ; studies by White et al [57], on a rich-lean combustor for low-Btu and medium-Btu gaseous fuels; and research of the CRIEPI into fuel-NOx emission characteristics of low-calorific fuel, including NH 3 through experiments using a small diffusion burner and analyses based on reaction kinetics [58][59][60][61].…”

Section: Low-nox Combustion Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Turbine Combustion and Ammonia Removal Technology of Gasified Fuels

Hasegawa

2010

Energies

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From the viewpoints of securing a stable supply of energy and protecting our global environment in the future, the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generation of various gasifying methods has been introduced in the world. Gasified fuels are chiefly characterized by the gasifying agents and the synthetic gas cleanup methods and can be divided into four types. The calorific value of the gasified fuel varies according to the gasifying agents and feedstocks of various resources, and ammonia originating from nitrogenous compounds in the feedstocks depends on the synthetic gas clean-up methods. In particular, air-blown gasified fuels provide low calorific fuel of 4 MJ/m 3 and it is necessary to stabilize combustion. In contrast, the flame temperature of oxygen-blown gasified fuel of medium calorie between approximately 9-13 MJ/m 3 is much higher, so control of thermal-NOx emissions is necessary. Moreover, to improve the thermal efficiency of IGCC, hot/dry type synthetic gas clean-up is needed. However, ammonia in the fuel is not removed and is supplied into the gas turbine where fuel-NOx is formed in the combustor. For these reasons, suitable combustion technology for each gasified fuel is important. This paper outlines combustion technologies and combustor designs of the high temperature gas turbine for various IGCCs. Additionally, this paper confirms that further decreases in fuel-NOx emissions can be achieved by removing ammonia from gasified fuels through the application of selective, non-catalytic denitration. From these basic considerations, the performance of specifically designed combustors for each IGCC proved the proposed methods to be sufficiently effective. The combustors were able to achieve strong results, decreasing thermal-NOx emissions to 10 ppm (corrected at 16% oxygen) or less, and fuel-NOx emissions by 60% or more, under conditions where ammonia concentration per fuel heating value in unit volume was 2.4 × 10 2 ppm/(MJ/m 3 ) or higher. Average equivalence ratio at combustor exhaust φ p Average equivalence ratio in primary combustion zone ΔP/q Total pressure loss coefficient (characteristic section is combustor-exit) OPEN ACCESS

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Section: Low-nox Combustion Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Turbine Combustion and Ammonia Removal Technology of Gasified Fuels

Hasegawa

2010

Energies

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“…CO/H 2 /O 2 kinetic models which are the fundamental systems of all hydrocarbon combustion chemistry have been studied in details [7][8][9] and considered to be reasonably well established and understood [10,11]. Detailed kinetics for syngas (mainly H 2 /CO mixture combustion) are developed constantly in the past decade as a result of interest in gas turbine utilization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Reduced Kinetics in Simulation of Gasified Biomass Gas Combustion

Zhang

Munjat

Jayasuriya

et al. 2013

Volume 1B: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions

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“…These works have been the subject of partial reviews by Liu [44], Althorpe and Clary [45], Balucani et al [46] and Aoiz et al [47]. The title reaction is also of considerable interest to combustion [48] and laser chemistries [49]. Theoretically it is one of the best known complex-forming reactions from a fundamental point of view [50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%