Chapter 1 Steroid Alkaloids: The Solanum Group

Schréiber, Klaus

doi:10.1016/s1876-0813(08)60253-5

Cited by 64 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 312 publications

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“…Um novo alcalóide esteróide, paniculidina, e seu glicosídeo, paniculina foram identificados em raízes de S. paniculatum. Em raízes de plantas cultivadas na Europa foi identificado um glicosídeo, juribina, que por hidrólise enzimática ou ácida, produz 1 mol D-glicose e uma alcamina (jurubidina), representando este último composto um alcalóide esteróide de novo tipo estrutural (Schreiber 1968), no entanto, não tem sido demonstrada se alguma dessas substâncias causa o quadro clínico. …”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Intoxicação por Solanum paniculatum (Solanaceae) em bovinos

et al. 2011

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RESUMO.-Surtos de uma doença neurológica com sinais cerebelares ocorreram em três fazendas da região Agreste do Estado de Pernambuco. A morbidade foi de 3 a 25%, a mortalidade variou de 0 a 20% e a letalidade foi de 0 a 60%. Uma planta que predominava nos pastos das fazendas foi identificada como Solanum paniculatum. Os sinais clínicos apresentados foram de crises periódicas caracterizadas por incoordenação, extensão da cabeça e pescoço, ataxia, hipermetria, tremores de intenção, nistagmo e quedas. As crises eram induzidas pelo teste de levantar a cabeça ou quando os animais eram assustados ou quando aplicado o teste de levantar a cabeça. Alguns animais apresentaram sinais permanentes com alterações posturais, tremores de intenção, andar cambaleante com os membros em abdução e perda progressiva de peso. De dois bovinos que foram necropsiados, um apresentava di- Outbreaks of a disease of the nervous system are reported in cattle in three farms in the Agreste region of the state of Pernambuco. Morbidity, mortality and fatality rates varied from 3 to 25%, 0 to 20% and 0 to 60%, respectively. A weed found in large amounts in the pastures was identified as Solanum paniculatum. Clinical signs were characterized by transitory, periodic attacks with loss of balance, incoordinated gait, neck and head extension, hypermetria, intention tremors, nystagmus, and falls. The attacks were induced when the animals were disturbed or by the application of the head raising test. Two cows showed permanent signs including ataxia, abnormal posture, staggering gait with limbs in abduction, intention tremors, hypermetria, and progressive weight loss. Histological lesions in one cow were fine vacuolation of the cerebellar Purkinje neurons with marginalization of the nucleus. Loss of Purkinje neurons with proliferation of Bergmann astrocytes and Wallerian degeneration with axonal spheroids in the granular layer and cerebellar white matter were also observed. Neuronal vacuolation and axonal spheroids were observed in the gracillis nucleus. In one cow that stayed for approximately 10 months in an area free of S. paniculatum with permanent signs, there was a severe depletion of Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum. The granular and molecular layers were reduced and depleted of cells. Considering that the toxic compound of S. paniculatum is unknown, and that the plant is largely used as a medical plant, it is necessary to take into account the risk of human poisoning. Intoxicação por

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Intoxicação por Solanum paniculatum (Solanaceae) em bovinos

et al. 2011

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“…From the data collected, the pnp-rhamnohydrolase seemed specific for the a-1,2-or a-l,6-linkage to /3-o-Glc. One of the two Rha units in achaconine is also a-l,2-linked to 0-D-Glc, but the other a-linked rhamnosyl residue in a-chaconine is linked to position-4 of the same glucosyl residue (Schreiber, 1968). This might be the reason the enzyme is not active.…”

Section: Comparison Of Pnp-rhamnohydrolase and Rc-rhamnohydrolasementioning

confidence: 99%

Rhamnogalacturonan [alpha]-L-Rhamnopyranohydrolase (A Novel Enzyme Specific for the Terminal Nonreducing Rhamnosyl Unit in Rhamnogalacturonan Regions of Pectin)

et al. 1994

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Two a-i-rhamnohydrolases with different substrate specificities were isolated from a commercial preparation produced by Aspergillus aculeatus. l h e first rhamnohydrolase was active toward pnitrophenyl-a-i-rhamnopyranoside, naringin, and hesperidin and was termed p-nitrophenyl-a-i-rhamnopyranohydrolase (pnprhamnohydrolase). From the data collected, the enzyme seemed specific for the a-1,2-or a-1,6-linkage to B-D-glucose. l h e pnprhamnohydrolase had a molecular mass of 87 kD (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), a pH optimum of 5.5 to 6, a temperature optimum of 60°C, and a specific activity toward pnp-a-i-rhamnopyranoside (pnp-Rha) of 13 units mg-' protein.l h e second rhamnohydrolase, on the contrary, was active toward rhamnogalacturonan (RC) fragments, releasing Rha, and was therefore termed RC-rhamnohydrolase. l h e RC-rhamnohydrolase had a molecular mass of 84 kD, a pH optimum of 4, a temperature optimum of 60'C, and a specific activity toward RC oligomers of 60 units mg-' protein. l h e RC-rhamnohydrolase liberated Rha from the nonreducing end of the RC chain and appeared specific for the a-1,4-linkage to a-D-galacturonic acid. l h e enzyme was hindered when this terminal Rha residue was substituted at the 4-position by a 8-D-galactose. The results so far obtained did not indicate particular preference of the enzyme for low or high molecular mass RC fragments. From the results it can be concluded that a new enzyme, an RC a-i-rhamnopyranohydrolase, has been isolated with high specificity toward RC regions of pectin.

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“…Several alkaloids occurring in tomato, most notably the leptines and o~-tomatine, have been shown to inhibit feeding and growth in L. decemlineata when provided to adults and larvae ex planta (Kuhn and L6w, 1955;Buhr et al, 1958;Schreiber, 1968;Sturkrw and Lrw, 1961;Sinden et al, 1980Sinden et al, , 1986. Largely on the basis of these and similar studies, reduced feeding by L. decemlineata on resistant hosts has been attributed to the feeding-deterrent properties of these compounds when present in planta (Hsiao, 1969;Hsiao and Fraenkel, 1968;Schreiber, 1957Schreiber, , 1968Sinden et al, 1978Sinden et al, , 1980Sinden et al, , 1986.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of steroidal glycoalkaloid ?-tomatine in host-plant resistance of tomato to colorado potato beetle

Barbour

Kennedy

1991

J Chem Ecol

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The role of the steroidal glycoalkaloid α-tomatine in the hostplant resistance of tomato to the Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) was examined in short- (24 hr; using first- and fourth-instar larvae) and long-term (first-instar larvae reared through the prepupal stage) feeding experiments. Consumption rate, growth rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested food to body mass, and survival were compared forL. decemlineata provided foliage from susceptible (Lycopersicon esculetum Mill. cv. Walter), resistant (L. hirsutum f.Glabratum C.H. Mull accession PI 134417), and F1 hybrid plants. Values obtained for dietetic indices were regressed against corresponding values for α-tomatine content of foliage provided to larvae. Differences in dietetic indices could not be attributed to variation in foliar α-tomatine content despite a long-standing literature showing theex planta α-tomatine inhibits feeding and growth byL. decemlineata.

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Chapter 1 Steroid Alkaloids: The Solanum Group

Cited by 64 publications

References 312 publications

Intoxicação por Solanum paniculatum (Solanaceae) em bovinos

Intoxicação por Solanum paniculatum (Solanaceae) em bovinos

Rhamnogalacturonan [alpha]-L-Rhamnopyranohydrolase (A Novel Enzyme Specific for the Terminal Nonreducing Rhamnosyl Unit in Rhamnogalacturonan Regions of Pectin)

Role of steroidal glycoalkaloid ?-tomatine in host-plant resistance of tomato to colorado potato beetle

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