Chapter 1 Peatlands: a concise guide to the volume

Martini, Ivan; Cortizas, Antonio Martínez; Chesworth, Ward

doi:10.1016/s0928-2025(06)09001-8

Cited by 11 publications

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“…Our results suggest that similar processes occur across the HBL, whereby the main environmental factor driving the initiation and development of peatlands is the sustained occurrence of waterlogged soils 1,25,26 . In addition, pond development behind beach ridges during progressive shoreline retreat or winter ice scour in emerging high-energy coastlines, and forest formation on beach ridge before peat initiation, as a consequence of regional isostatic uplift dynamics, are further evidence of the HBL's dynamic landscape 7,9,25,26 . Thus, the ecological response to hydrogeologic variability can delay paludification of available land and/or terrestrialization of lakes and ponds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since this time, land has been emerging from the Hudson and James Bays at GIA rates that are among the fastest globally [4][5][6] . Today, a nearly continuous peat cover over low relief deposits of glacio-marine sediments 7 stretches from the shoreline of Hudson and James Bays inland to the margin of the upland Precambrian Shield. Based upon available land classification data 8 , peat accumulating features, dominated by bogs and fens, occupy up to 90% of the HBL's 372,000 km 2 landscape [7][8][9] or B10% of the northern peatland area 10,11 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, a nearly continuous peat cover over low relief deposits of glacio-marine sediments 7 stretches from the shoreline of Hudson and James Bays inland to the margin of the upland Precambrian Shield. Based upon available land classification data 8 , peat accumulating features, dominated by bogs and fens, occupy up to 90% of the HBL's 372,000 km 2 landscape [7][8][9] or B10% of the northern peatland area 10,11 . Permafrost is estimated to occur in B1% of the HBL 8,9 , principally as continuous permafrost along the Hudson Bay coast 8 , and as sporadic to discontinuous permafrost in the southern and central HBL, respectively 9 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Carbon storage and potential methane production in the Hudson Bay Lowlands since mid-Holocene peat initiation

2014

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Peatlands have influenced Holocene carbon (C) cycling by storing atmospheric C and releasing methane (CH 4 ). Yet, our understanding of contributions from the world's second largest peatland, the Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL), Canada, to peat-climate-C-dynamics is constrained by the paucity of dated peat records and regional C-data. Here we examine HBL peatland development in relation to Holocene C-dynamics. We show that peat initiation in the HBL is tightly coupled with glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) through most of the record, and occurred within suitable climatic conditions for peatland development. HBL peatlands initiated most intensively in the mid-Holocene, when GIA was most rapid and climate was cooler and drier. As the peat mass developed, we estimate that the HBL potentially released 1-7 Tg CH 4 per year during the late Holocene. Our results indicate that the HBL currently stores a C-pool of B30 Pg C and provide support for a peatland-derived CH 4 contribution to the late Holocene atmosphere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Carbon storage and potential methane production in the Hudson Bay Lowlands since mid-Holocene peat initiation

2014

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“…Peatlands are unique and valuable ecosystems, covering approximately 3% of the total terrestrial area [1]. Despite their relatively small distribution area, peatlands play vital roles in regulating the global carbon cycle, maintaining biodiversity, as well as storing and purifying water [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, large areas of mires or peatlands are developed in temperate and boreal landscapes between 50 • and 70 • N due to the humid and cold climatic conditions [3]. Due to the continued accumulation of organic matter, peatlands are generally acidic and ombrotrophic environments [1]. According to their water chemistry (mainly pH and calcium content) and vegetation, peatlands are classified as different types, such as bogs, poor fens, and rich fens [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variations in the Surface Water Chemistry of Subtropical Peatlands (Central China) Linked to Anthropogenic Pressures

Cao

Chen

et al. 2017

Water

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Abstract:Compared with the extensively surveyed temperate and boreal peatlands, subtropical peatlands have received rather little scientific attention. In this study, spatial variations in water chemistry were investigated in 57 samples collected from three subtropical peatlands (central China). Generally, water pH and major cation concentrations of these samples approached the characteristics of poor fens along the bog-rich fen gradient. Four distinct groups were identified by cluster analysis and principal component analysis. High concentrations of trace elements in Group I were probably linked to airborne dust pollutants from a nearby road under construction. Low pH values and low major cation concentrations in Group II may be attributed to the great cation exchange capacity of Sphagnum. In contrast, samples in Group III, mainly collected from sites suffering from Sphagnum harvest, showed high pH levels and major cation concentrations. Relatively low concentrations of trace elements (except boron) in Group IV can be regarded as reference conditions for restoration efforts in these peatlands. Taken together, spatial variations in the water chemistry of the three peatlands were closely linked to natural processes (e.g., cation exchange of Sphagnum) and anthropogenic pressures (e.g., Sphagnum harvest). Overall, the mean health risk values of the six trace elements were low, indicating good water quality in these peatlands. This study provided baseline water chemistry information for the sustainable management of these subtropical peatlands, as well as other similar ecosystems.

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Elevated dust deposition in Tierra del Fuego (Chile) resulting from Neoglacial Darwin Cordillera glacier fluctuations

Vanneste

Vleeschouwer

Bertrand

et al. 2016

J Quaternary Science

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Atmospheric mineral dust is intrinsically linked with climate. Although dust flux variability on glacial–interglacial timescales is well documented, Holocene dust records remain scarce. To fill this gap, we conducted elemental, isotopic and sedimentological analyses on a peat core from the Karukinka Natural Park in Tierra del Fuego. An 8000‐year‐old mineral dust record was extracted indicating three periods of elevated dust deposition: (i) 8.1–7.4 cal ka BP, (ii) 4.2 cal ka BP and (iii) 2.4–1.4 cal ka BP. The two oldest peaks are related to volcanic eruptions of the Hudson and Monte Burney volcanoes, respectively. The most recent dust peak, however, has a rare earth element and neodymium isotopic composition that resembles the geochemical signature of outwash plain sediments from the Darwin Cordillera. Since the timing of this dust peak corresponds to a period of glacier retreat between Neoglacial advances III and IV, we infer that Holocene aeolian dust fluxes in southern Patagonia are mostly driven by glacial sediment availability. Our results underline the important role of glaciers in producing aeolian dust in high‐latitude regions, and they imply that the current retreat of glaciers worldwide may result in elevated atmospheric dust loads.

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Chapter 1 Peatlands: a concise guide to the volume

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Carbon storage and potential methane production in the Hudson Bay Lowlands since mid-Holocene peat initiation

Carbon storage and potential methane production in the Hudson Bay Lowlands since mid-Holocene peat initiation

Spatial Variations in the Surface Water Chemistry of Subtropical Peatlands (Central China) Linked to Anthropogenic Pressures

Elevated dust deposition in Tierra del Fuego (Chile) resulting from Neoglacial Darwin Cordillera glacier fluctuations

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