Chapter 1 Observations of Quasistatic Fault Growth from Acoustic Emissions

Lockner, D. A.; Byerlee, J. D.; Kuksenko, V. S.; Пономарев, А. В.; Sidorin, A. Ya.

doi:10.1016/s0074-6142(08)62813-2

Cited by 231 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The high values of c'/omax suggest that strain localization occurs immediately prior to failure, consistent with studies on granite and sandstone that demonstrate that strain localization occurs near omax [Lockner et al, 1992;Wong, 1982].…”

Section: Non-dilatant Brittle Deformation By Shear Microcrackingsupporting

confidence: 85%

Ridge segmentation, tectonic evolution and rheology of slow-spreading oceanic crust

Escartı́n¹

1996

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Two-thirds of the Earth's surface is oceanic crust formed by magmatic and tectonic processes along mid-ocean ridges. Slow-spreading ridges, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, are discontinuous and composed of ridge segments. Segments are thus fundamental units of magmatic accretion and tectonic deformation that control the evolution of the crust. The objective of this Thesis is to constrain the tectonic processes that occur at the scale of slowspreading segments, to identify the factors controlling segment propagation, and to provide constraints on lithospheric strength with laboratory deformation experiments.In chapter 2, bathymetry and gravity from various areas along the global mid-ocean ridge system are analyzed to quantify systematic variations at the scale of individual segments. There is a marked asymmetry in bathymetry and gravity in the vicinity of segment offsets. We develop a model of faulting to explain these observations. Low-angle faults appear to accommodate tectonic extension at the inside corners of ridge-offset intersections, and result in substantially uplifted terrain with thin crust with respect to that at the outside corners or centers of segments.Results from Chapter 3 indicate that the crust magmatically emplaced on axis is not maintained off-axis. This transition is revealed by both statistical and spectral analyses of bathymetry and gravity. Tectonic extension varies along the length of a segment, resulting in thinning and uplift of the crust at ridge-offset inside corners, and a decorrelation between bathymetry and gravity patterns. Tectonic deformation substantially reshapes the oceanic crust that is magmatically emplaced on-axis, and strongly controls the crustal structure and seafloor morphology off-axis.Satellite gravity data over the Atlantic shown in Chapter 4 reveal a complex history of ridge segmentation, and provides constraints on the processes driving the propagation of segments. The pattern of segmentation is controlled mainly by the geometry of the ridge axis, and secondarily by hot spots. Segments migrate primarily down regional gradients associated with hot spot swells. However, the lack of correlation between gradients and propagation rate, and the propagation up gradient of some offsets, suggest that additional factors control propagation (e.g., variations in lithospheric strength). Most non-transform offsets are short-lived and migrating, while transform offsets are long-lived and stable.Both the propagation of segments (Chapter 4) tectonism along a segment (Chapters 2 and 3) are controlled by the lithospheric rheology. In Chapter 5 I present results from laboratory deformation experiments on serpentinite. These experiments demonstrate that serpentinites are considerably weaker than peridotites or gabbros, display a non-dilatant style of brittle deformation, and strain is accommodated by shear cracking. Serpentinites may weaken the lithosphere, enhance strain localization along faults, and control the style of faulting. Thesis supervisor:Jian Lin Title:Associate...

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Section: Non-dilatant Brittle Deformation By Shear Microcrackingsupporting

confidence: 85%

Ridge segmentation, tectonic evolution and rheology of slow-spreading oceanic crust

Escartı́n¹

1996

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“…Acoustic emissions (AE) are defined as transient elastic waves generated by the rapid release of energy within a material (Lockner et al 1992;Lavrov 2003;Antonaci et al 2012). They result from the generation, propagation of (micro-), nucleation or coalescence of cracks (Kendrick et al 2013).…”

Section: Crack Development and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic and Fatigue Behaviour of Rock Materials: Review, Interpretation and Research Perspectives

Cerfontaine¹,

Collin²

2017

Rock Mech Rock Eng

281

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“…In the case of JS sample the slip was different from stable sliding under quasi-constant differential stress usually observed after postpeak strain softening and Satoh et al [1990] concluded that the most plausible mechanisms of fault development was shear linking of an axial crack array [Wong, 1982]. In triaxial compression experiments on granite and sandstone samples by controlling axial stress to maintain constant AE rate, the fault growth and shear fracture have been followed quasi-statically [Lockner et al, 1991[Lockner et al, , 1992. In that case the postpeak weakening curve corresponds to propagation of the macroscopic fault plane across the sample, and microcracking, as determined by AE locations, remained uniformly distributed in the central portion of the granite samples until after peak stress.…”

Section: P Wave Velocitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the microfracture localization in granite between fracturation and slip of a preexisting macroscopic healed joint by acoustic emission measurements

Jouinaux¹,

Masuda²,

Lei³

et al. 2001

J. Geophys. Res.

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Chapter 1 Observations of Quasistatic Fault Growth from Acoustic Emissions

Cited by 231 publications

References 30 publications

Ridge segmentation, tectonic evolution and rheology of slow-spreading oceanic crust

Ridge segmentation, tectonic evolution and rheology of slow-spreading oceanic crust

Cyclic and Fatigue Behaviour of Rock Materials: Review, Interpretation and Research Perspectives

Comparison of the microfracture localization in granite between fracturation and slip of a preexisting macroscopic healed joint by acoustic emission measurements

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