Chapter 1 Brain preparations for maternity — adaptive changes in behavioral and neuroendocrine systems during pregnancy and lactation. An overview

Russell, John A.; Douglas, Alison J.; Ingram, C.D.

doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(01)33002-9

Cited by 178 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 282 publications

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“…Several potential explanations for the emergence of BED during pregnancy emerge. Biologically, the myriad of adaptive neuroendocrine changes that occur in pregnancy that affect multiple brain functions influencing metabolism, appetite, and mood (Russell et al, 2001) may render pregnancy a high risk period for developing binge-eating. Behaviorally, women who fail to increase food intake according to the increased metabolic needs of pregnancy may experience unexpected and intense hunger which may lead to compensatory overeating and ultimately trigger a pattern of appetite dysregulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of remission, continuation and incidence of broadly defined eating disorders during early pregnancy in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)

et al. 2007

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of remission, continuation and incidence of broadly defined eating disorders during early pregnancy in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)

et al. 2007

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“…Pregnancy is preceded by a number of social interactions (such as mating, and in some species pair bonding) and accompanied by significant neuroendocrine changes [37,49]. Although exempt from gestation and birth, males (particularly in bi-parental species) experience neuroendocrine changes coincident with, or preceding the birth of their offspring [23,60].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pup exposure elicits hippocampal cell proliferation in the prairie vole

Ruscio

Sweeny

Hazelton

et al. 2008

Behavioural Brain Research

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The onset of parental behavior has profound and enduring effects on behavior and neurobiology across a variety of species. In some cases, mere exposure to a foster neonate (and a subsequent parental response) can have similar effects. In the present experiment we exposed adult male and female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) to two foster pups for twenty minutes and quantified cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG), medial amygdala (MeA) and cortical amygdala (CorA). Prairie voles are highly social rodents that typically display biparental care and spontaneous parental care when exposed to foster pups. Comparisons were made between the animals that responded parentally or non-parentally towards the pups, as well as control conditions. Cell proliferation was assessed using injections of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and immunocytochemical localization of this marker. The phenotype of the cells was determined using double label immufluoresence for BrdU and TuJ1 (a neuronal marker). An increase in cell proliferation in the DG was seen in animals exposed to pups. However, animals that responded nonparentally had a greater number of BrdU labeled cells in the DG compared to those that responded parentally. The majority of BrdU labeled cells co-expressed TuJ1 across all groups. These results demonstrate that exposure to a foster pup, and the behavioral reaction to it (parental or non-parental) is associated with site-specific changes in cell proliferation.

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“…The opioid systems remain remarkably plastic throughout adult life (Kalinichev et al, 2000). Also, both in rats and in humans, the postpartum period is characterized by significant plasticity in multiple neural systems (Russell et al, 2001) and intense reciprocal mother-offspring interactions. Therefore, it is conceivable that periodic mother-litter separations result in enduring changes in opioid systems that occur not only in the offspring but in the mother as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Lasting Changes in Morphine-Induced Locomotor Sensitization and Tolerance in Long-Evans Mother Rats as a Result of Periodic Postpartum Separation from the Litter: A Novel Model of Increased Vulnerability to Drug Abuse?

Kalinichev

Easterling

Holtzman

2002

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Daily postpartum separations from the litter produce enduring changes in anxiety and sensitivity to the antinociceptive effects of morphine in Long-Evans dams. We tested whether postpartum experience alters sensitivity to the effects of morphine on locomotor activity. Dams were tested 4-6 weeks after their pups were weaned, and had one of the following backgrounds: daily separation from the litter on postpartum days 2-14 for either 3 h (prolonged separationFLS) or 15 min (brief separationFBS), or no separation (nonhandled controlFNH). After 2 consecutive days (B1-2) of baseline activity measurements, subjects were tested daily after s.c. injections of either morphine (10 mg/kg) or saline for 7 days and again on day 10. Beginning 5 days later, saline and 1.0-10 mg/kg of morphine were tested in all dams. On B1, LS and BS dams habituated slower than NH controls, yielding higher horizontal counts. LS dams failed to habituate across baseline days and were more active than other dams on B2. Sensitization, a progressive increase in horizontal activity, was more rapid and robust in LS and BS dams compared to NH animals. LS was the only group that developed tolerance to morphine-induced decreases in vertical activity. In LS dams with the history of morphine treatment, injection of saline resulted in higher horizontal activity and center time compared to saline-treated counterparts, indicative of conditioning. Among animals with a history of saline treatment, LS dams were more sensitive to morphine challenges than BS and NH dams. As a result of the robust and long-lasting increases in the ability of morphine to induce behavioral sensitization in litter-separated dams, periodic postpartum separation may represent a new animal model of increased vulnerability to substance abuse.

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Chapter 1 Brain preparations for maternity — adaptive changes in behavioral and neuroendocrine systems during pregnancy and lactation. An overview

Cited by 178 publications

References 282 publications

Patterns of remission, continuation and incidence of broadly defined eating disorders during early pregnancy in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)

Patterns of remission, continuation and incidence of broadly defined eating disorders during early pregnancy in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)

Pup exposure elicits hippocampal cell proliferation in the prairie vole

Long-Lasting Changes in Morphine-Induced Locomotor Sensitization and Tolerance in Long-Evans Mother Rats as a Result of Periodic Postpartum Separation from the Litter: A Novel Model of Increased Vulnerability to Drug Abuse?

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