Chapitre 22. Le contrat de canal, une contribution à un nouveau mode de gouvernance de la gestion de l'eau agricole à l'échelle locale ?

Régionalisation, projets de territoire et Compagnie d’Aménagement des Coteaux de Gascogne

“…Ces différentes formes de territorialisation inscrivent la réalité de la gestion de l'eau dans de multiples échelles de prises de décision ou d'autres secteurs que l'eau sont en jeu (Venot, Bharati, Giordano et Molle, 2011). En somme, si le bassin versant est devenu l'unité de gestion d'aménagement de l'eau, certains travaux ont montré la nécessité d'enrôler des acteurs à de multiples échelles et de différents secteurs (Daniell et Barreteau, 2014 ;Ghiotti et Rivière-Honegger, 2012 ;Jacqué, 2012 ;Ricart, 2012), structurant des dynamiques de gouvernance territoriale (Pasquier, Simoulin et Weisbien, 2013) et multiniveaux (Marks et Hooghe 2004).…”

The patrimonial value of water: How to approach water management while avoiding an exclusively market perspective

“…For around 30 years, irrigation systems have been affected by thoroughgoing transformations in the agricultural industry in France (Ghiotti & Rivière-Honegger, 2011;Ladki et al, 2011) and the ASAs are faced with socioeconomic difficulties which threaten their very existence.…”

“…Some ASA managers justify levying much higher charges for non-agricultural consumers by applying a ''solidarity principle'' which makes it possible to keep charges for agriculturalists at an ''acceptable'' level.6 Conversation of March 15, 2011, with Marc Polge, of ASA Info, a consultancy firm providing information and training services for ASAs (http:// www.asainfo.net/).7 In the case of the Canal de L'abbé ASA located in the Hérault département, individuals not involved in the agricultural sector pay a watering tax which is twice as high as the irrigation tax paid by agriculturalists(Ladki, 2010).8 As an example, it should be pointed out that the Canal de Gignac ASA was found guilty in 2005 by the water monitoring board for not respecting minimal levels of flow. This constraint will become more important in the future with the application of the Law on Water and Aquatic Milieus (adopted in France in 2006) which stipulates an increase in these flows beginning in 2014(Ghiotti & Rivière-Honegger, 2011).…”