Chaparral Restoration

Allen, Edith B.; Williams, Kevin A.; Beyers, Jan L.; Phillips, Michala L.; Ma, Stephanie; D’Antonio, Carla M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68303-4_13

Cited by 10 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Visual analysis of ortho-imagery suggested that limited recovery within the cismontane, southern region (characterized by mild climate) occurred in areas having shrub compositions that differ from surrounding areas, implying differential impacts according to shrub species. Landscape restoration by propagation of native shrub seedlings is advisable for degraded sites of relatively high ecological significance, including connective habitat and conserved lands (Allen et al, 2018;Jennings, 2018). Chaparral managers would collectively benefit from standardized practice of postfire recovery monitoring, based upon field surveys and aerial images of sufficient resolution to track compositional change in relation to fire and other stressors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does short-interval fire inhibit postfire recovery of chaparral across southern California?

Storey

Stow

O’Leary

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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Regrowth after fire is critical to the persistence of chaparral shrub communities in southern California, which has been subject to frequent fire events in recent decades. Fires that recur at short intervals of 10 years or less have been considered an inhibitor of recovery and the major cause of 'community type-conversion' in chaparral, primarily based on studies of small extents and limited time periods. However, recent sub-regional investigations based on remote sensing suggest that short-interval fire (SIF) does not have ubiquitous impact on postfire chaparral recovery. A region-wide analysis including a greater spatial extent and time period is needed to better understand SIF impact on chaparral.This study evaluates patterns of postfire recovery across southern California, based on temporal trajectories of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from June-solstice Landsat image series covering the period 1984-2018. High spatial resolution aerial images were used to calibrate Landsat NDVI trajectory-based estimates of change in fractional shrub cover (dFSC) for 294 stands. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess effects of time between fires and number of burns on recovery, using stand-aggregate samples (n = 294) and paired single-and multiple-burn sample plots (n = 528), and (2) to explain recovery variations among predominant single-burn locations based on shrub community type, climate, soils, and terrain. Stand-aggregate samples showed a significant but weak effect of SIF on recovery (p < 0.001; R 2 = 0.003). Results from paired sample plots showed no significant effect of SIF on dFSC among twice-burned sites, although recovery was diminished due to SIF at sites that burned three times within 25 years. Multiple linear regression showed that annual precipitation and temperature, chaparral community *

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does short-interval fire inhibit postfire recovery of chaparral across southern California?

Storey

Stow

O’Leary

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Once VTC occurs, chaparral has little chance of passively recovering, and there are serious challenges to active restoration of chaparral (reviewed by Allen et al, 2018). The species most vulnerable to VTC are those that recruit following fire from a dormant, fire‐cued seedbank (Table 5; Keeley, 1987).…”

Section: Passive and Active Recovery Of Chaparralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation‐type conversion of evergreen chaparral shrublands to savannahs dominated by exotic annual herbs: causes and consequences for ecosystem function

Pratt

2021

American J of Botany

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Woody, evergreen shrublands are the archetypal community in mediterranean‐type ecosystems, and these communities are profoundly changed when they undergo vegetation‐type conversion (VTC) to become annual, herb‐dominated communities. Recently, VTC has occurred throughout southern California chaparral shrublands, likely with changes in important ecosystem functions. The mechanisms that lead to VTC and subsequent changes to ecosystem processes are important to understand as they have regional and global implications for ecosystem services, climate change, land management, and policy. The main drivers of VTC are altered fire regimes, aridity, and anthropogenic disturbance. Some changes to ecosystem function are certain to occur with VTC, but their magnitudes are unclear, whereas other changes are unpredictable. I present two hypotheses: (1) VTC leads to warming that creates a positive feedback promoting additional VTC, and (2) altered nitrogen dynamics create negative feedbacks and promote an alternative stable state in which communities are dominated by herbs. The patterns described for California are mostly relevant to the other mediterranean‐type shrublands of the globe, which are biodiversity hotspots and threatened by VTC. This review examines the extent and causes of VTC, ecosystem effects, and future research priorities.

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“…For example, (1) What are the impacts of vegetation type conversion from chaparral to non‐native annual grassland on the below‐ground mycorrhizal community (Allen et al. )? As type conversion occurs, will changes in the mycorrhizal community affect recovery of native shrubs and can mycorrhizal inoculum increase restoration success?…”

Section: Future Research Priorities To Address Vulnerability In Chapamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), air pollution, invasion of non‐native annual plants (Allen et al. ), unmanaged recreation (Safford et al. ), and increasingly more frequent fire (Keeley and Safford ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%