Chaotic Homes, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Serious Delinquency: Differential Effects by Race and Ethnicity

Bonner, Taea; DeLisi, Matt; Jones-Johnson, Gloria; Caudill, Jonathan W.; Trulson, Chad R.

doi:10.1080/07418825.2019.1688852

Cited by 40 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Further, critiques of whether enough ACEs are included have called for additional exposures, both within and outside the home, such as witnessing community violence, experiencing racial discrimination, bullying, food insecurity, homelessness, and chaotic homes (Bonor et al, 2019; DeLisi et al, 2019; Finkelhor et al, 2015; Mersky et al, 2017). Similarly, our 11 PCE exposures are unlikely to be the quintessential constellation of positive experiences in protecting justice-involved adolescents from reoffending.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Childhood Experiences (PCE): Cumulative Resiliency in the Face of Adverse Childhood Experiences

Baglivio

2020

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice

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The maltreatment-offending relationship has been well elucidated. Less examined are protective factors that effectively serve to mitigate offending among ACE-exposed youth. The current study examines whether cumulative positive childhood experiences (PCEs) are themselves associated with a reduction in recidivism among juvenile justice-involved adolescents, and the ability of cumulative PCE to moderate the ACE-recidivism relationship. Results demonstrate, among over 28,000 juvenile offenders, high ACE scores were associated with increased reoffending, and high PCE scores were associated with decreased recidivism, as measured by both rearrest and reconviction. Further, among juveniles with four or more ACEs who have six or more PCEs, reconviction was 23% lower and rearrest 22% lower when compared to those youth with four or more ACEs and less than six PCEs, controlling for a host of demographic and criminal history measures. Findings indicate that among youth with high PCE scores the positive association between ACEs and recidivism is no longer significant. Implications for juvenile justice practice and policy are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Childhood Experiences (PCE): Cumulative Resiliency in the Face of Adverse Childhood Experiences

Baglivio

2020

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice

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“…Several currents exist in the literature. First, there is evidence that traumatic experiences increase psychopathic features among youth, but the effects of specific forms of abuse and neglect are differential and inconsistent (Boduszek et al, 2019; Bonner et al, 2020; Farina et al, 2018; Kerig et al, 2012; Krischer & Sevecke, 2008; Metcalf et al, 2020). For instance, Boduszek et al’s (2019) study of a community sample of girls found that sexual abuse conferred 116% increased likelihood of membership in a high psychopathy latent group and 57% increased odds of psychopathy in a latent group characterized by high interpersonal manipulation and egocentricity.…”

Section: Psychopathy and Trauma Among Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A third and related point is that gender, race, and ethnicity moderate the interrelationships between trauma, psychopathy, and conduct problems. Some studies found that trauma increases psychopathy among boys but not girls (Barker & Meehan, 2019; Krischer & Sevecke, 2008; Lansing et al, 2018; Sevecke et al, 2016); while other research found that trauma exposures manifest in different types of delinquency among white, black, or Hispanic youth in the United States (Bonner et al, 2020; DeLisi et al, 2017; Zettler, et al, 2018). This suggests that criminogenic effects of trauma exposure are unevenly felt across demographic statuses, and that individual forms of trauma can result in generalized greater likelihood of delinquency or reflect a more specialized relation between a trauma and offending, as in the case of sexual abuse and sexual offending (Bonner et al, 2020; Miley et al, 2020).…”

Section: Psychopathy and Trauma Among Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, more extensive and severe psychopathic features translate into more extensive and severe conduct problems. Similarly, traumatic experiences including disparate forms of abuse, neglect, and adversity are also related to delinquency, victimization experiences, lower behavioral functioning, and justice system interventions among youth (Bonner et al, 2020; Braga et al, 2017; Craig et al, 2019; Duke et al, 2010; Fox et al, 2015; Miley et al, 2020; Muniz et al, 2019; Trulson et al, 2016; Xie et al, 2020). Similar to the broad-based effects of psychopathy, more extensive and severe trauma usually translates into more extensive and severe conduct problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trauma, Psychopathy, and Antisocial Outcomes Among Community Youth: Distinguishing Trauma Events From Trauma Reactions

DeLisi

Pechorro

Gonçalves

et al. 2020

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice

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Psychopathy and trauma exposure are robustly associated with youth conduct problems, but the interrelation of these constructs is unclear. The objective of the present study is to examine psychopathy mediation effects related to trauma events and trauma reactions and juvenile delinquency, conduct disorder, crime seriousness, and proactive overt aggression outcomes. The sample consisted of N =388 ( M = 16.01 years, SD = 1.03 years, age range = 13–18 years) male youths from Portugal. Path analysis procedures revealed that psychopathy partially mediates the relation between trauma events and the juvenile delinquency, conduct disorder, crime seriousness outcomes, and fully mediates the relation between trauma events and the proactive overt aggression outcome. Trauma reactions have no direct significant effect on psychopathy, and psychopathy does not mediate the relation between trauma reactions and the examined outcomes. Research on trauma and adverse childhood experiences should encompass both events and reactions to those events as they have differential associations with psychopathy and externalizing outcomes. Trauma-informed service, supervision, and treatment is essential for understanding antisocial development and psychological maladjustment among youth.

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“…Several important findings emanate from the criminological study of traumatic experiences among youth. Childhood trauma has broad, generalized effects whereby adverse experiences are associated with increased conduct problems [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ] and localized effects where specific forms of abuse manifest in analogous variants of delinquency, for instance, sexual abuse manifesting as sexual aggression [ 7 , 9 , 11 ]. Thus, childhood trauma has multifaceted and seemingly idiosyncratic effects on youth development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Low Self-Control as a Mediator between Trauma and Antisociality/Criminality in Youth

Pechorro

DeLisi

Gonçalves

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Trauma exposure and low self-control are robustly associated with youth antisocial/criminal problems, but the interrelation of these constructs is unclear when taking into account both traumatic events and reactions. The objective of the present study is to examine self-control mediation effects related to trauma and juvenile delinquency, conduct disorder, crime seriousness, and aggression outcomes. The sample consisted of N = 388 male youth from Portugal (age, M = 16.01 years, SD = 1.03, age range = 13–18 years). Path analysis procedures revealed that self-control partially mediates the relation between trauma events and the examined outcomes and fully mediates the relation between trauma reactions and the examined outcomes. Research on youth trauma should examine both trauma events and trauma reactions because they have differential effects on low self-control and antisocial/criminal outcomes.

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Chaotic Homes, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Serious Delinquency: Differential Effects by Race and Ethnicity

Cited by 40 publications

References 78 publications

Positive Childhood Experiences (PCE): Cumulative Resiliency in the Face of Adverse Childhood Experiences

Positive Childhood Experiences (PCE): Cumulative Resiliency in the Face of Adverse Childhood Experiences

Trauma, Psychopathy, and Antisocial Outcomes Among Community Youth: Distinguishing Trauma Events From Trauma Reactions

The Role of Low Self-Control as a Mediator between Trauma and Antisociality/Criminality in Youth

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