Chaotic genetic patchiness in an intertidal limpet, Siphonaria sp.

Johnson, M. S.; Re, Black

doi:10.1007/bf00397680

Cited by 261 publications

(233 citation statements)

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“…This lack of genetic difference is not unexpected because of the close proximity of the two shore levels and because migration from low to high shore is known to occur. Similar findings have been reported recently in the limpet Siphonaria (Johnson & Black 1982). Nevertheless, at the Mdh-l locus a significant heterozygote excess was detected in the high-shore habitat.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…As the high shore is considered to be temporally and spatially more variable than the low shore, because of the frequent exposure to air (Johnson & Black 1982), local adaptation to varying microhabitats may occur. However, no significant difference in allele frequency or average heterozygosities was found between high-and low-shore populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enzyme variation in marine and estuarine populations of the chitonSypharochiton pelliserpentis

Freeth¹,

Sin²

1986

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Enzyme variation in sheltered-and exposed-marine populations and an estuarine mudflat population of the chiton Sypharochiton pelliserpentis was examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Six loci were analysed, of which Idh-l, Idh-2, and Me-l were monomorphic and Est-2, Mdh-l, and Me-2 were polymorphic. All populations shared the same alleles at all loci. A heterozygote deficiency was detected at the Est-2 locus for the exposed-marine population and a heterozygote excess was found at the Mdh-l locus for the sheltered-marine population where allele frequencies were associated with chiton age. Differences were found in allele frequencies between the sheltered-and exposed-marine populations at the Est-2 locus and between females of the marine and estuarine populations at Mdh-1 locus. The Idh-2 locus showed variation in enzyme activity which was neither age nor sex specific, but appeared to be associated with different habitats. Marine population subsamples from high-shore and low-shore levels showed no significant differences in allele frequencies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme variation in marine and estuarine populations of the chitonSypharochiton pelliserpentis

Freeth¹,

Sin²

1986

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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“…A cloud of transient genets revealed by the temporal aspect of genetic patchiness Reported in various marine taxa (Johnson and Black, 1982;Jones et al, 1999;Arnaud-Haond et al, 2008;Selkoe et al, 2010;Hedgecock and Pudovkin, 2011), genetic patchiness is a paradoxical combination of high dispersal potential and strong genetic structure at local scales, characterized by three main features: (i) a fine-grained genetic structure comparable to or apparently exceeding that observed at a large scale; (ii) the fuzziness of population contours; and (iii) rapid temporal variations. The two first criteria were already met in for Z. marina meadows in Brittany (Becheler et al, 2010) as well as in San Francisco Bay (Ort et al, 2012), underlining the importance of clonality in favoring fine-grained genetic structure and spatial patchiness in organisms with mixed mating systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling of processes shaping the clonal dynamics and genetic mosaic of seagrasses through temporal genetic monitoring

et al. 2013

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Theoretically, the dynamics of clonal and genetic diversities of clonal plant populations are strongly influenced by the competition among clones and rate of seedling recruitment, but little empirical assessment has been made of such dynamics through temporal genetic surveys. We aimed to quantify 3 years of evolution in the clonal and genetic composition of Zostera marina meadows, comparing parameters describing clonal architecture and genetic diversity at nine microsatellite markers. Variations in clonal structure revealed a decrease in the evenness of ramet distribution among genets. This illustrates the increasing dominance of some clonal lineages (multilocus lineages, MLLs) in populations. Despite the persistence of these MLLs over time, genetic differentiation was much stronger in time than in space, at the local scale. Contrastingly with the short-term evolution of clonal architecture, the patterns of genetic structure and genetic diversity sensu stricto (that is, heterozygosity and allelic richness) were stable in time. These results suggest the coexistence of (i) a fine grained (at the scale of a 20 Â 30 m quadrat) stable core of persistent genets originating from an initial seedling recruitment and developing spatial dominance through clonal elongation; and (ii) a local (at the scale of the meadow) pool of transient genets subjected to annual turnover. This simultaneous occurrence of initial and repeated recruitment strategies highlights the different spatial scales at which distinct evolutionary drivers and mating systems (clonal competition, clonal growth, propagule dispersal and so on) operate to shape the dynamics of populations and the evolution of polymorphism in space and time. Keywords: clonality; seagrass; spatio-temporal genetic structure; Zostera marina INTRODUCTION Clonality is a life history trait widely distributed among taxa and habitats, particularly in photosynthetic organisms. Partially clonal organisms are characterized by a mixed system allowing the combination of two reproductive strategies: the production of new genetically identical modules through vegetative growth or fragmentation and the production of new genetic individuals through sexual recombination. As a consequence, their population dynamics and evolutionary trajectories are profoundly affected by their rate and mode of clonal reproduction. Populations of clonal plants are composed of genetic individuals, or genets occupying space and dispersing locally through the production of modular shoots, or ramets (Harper, 1977). As genets are able to persist through time and space, the composition and evolution of populations of clonal plants is largely affected by the level of intraspecific competition (Eriksson, 1989(Eriksson, , 1993Pan and Price, 2001;Travis and Hester, 2005).Depending on the turnover of genets and intensity of inter-genet competition for space, two extreme recruitment strategies have been defined (Eriksson, 1993): (i) the 'Initial Seedling Recruitment' (ISR) strategy, characterizing populations originating fro...

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“…While the apparent absence of real barriers for fish/larvae displacement in marine environments could lead to a depression of the extent of genetic differentiation between subpopulations (Ward et al, 1994), several studies have detected significant heterogeneity among recruits on a small spatial scale in marine species dispersing via pelagic larvae, including gastropods (Johnson and Black, 1982), bivalves (Hedgecock, 1994;David et al, 1997;Li and Hedgecock, 1998), echinoderms (Edmands et al, 1996;Moberg and Burton, 2000;Flowers et al, 2002) and fish (Ruzzante et al, 1996;Planes and Lenfant, 2002;Pujolar et al, 2006Pujolar et al, , 2007. Hedgecock (1994) proposed that such genetic heterogeneity is likely to result from a large variance in reproductive success of parents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic patchiness in European eel adults evidenced by molecular genetics and population dynamics modelling

Pujolar

Bevacqua

Andrello

et al. 2011

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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a b s t r a c tDisentangling the demographic processes that determine the genetic structure of a given species is a fundamental question in conservation and management. In the present study, the population structure of the European eel was examined with a multidisciplinary approach combining the fields of molecular genetics and population dynamics modelling. First, we analyzed a total of 346 adult specimens of known age collected in three separate sample sites using a large panel of 22 EST-linked microsatellite loci. Second, we developed a European eel-specific model to unravel the demographic mechanisms that can produce the level of genetic differentiation estimated by molecular markers. This is the first study that reveals a pattern of genetic patchiness in maturing adults of the European eel. A highly significant genetic differentiation was observed among samples that did not follow an Isolation-by-Distance or Isolation-by-Time pattern. The observation of genetic patchiness in adults is likely to result from a limited parental contribution to each spawning event as suggested by our modelling approach. The value of genetic differentiation found is predicted by the model when reproduction occurs in a limited number of spawning events isolated from each other in time or space, with an average of 130-375 breeders in each spawning event. Unpredictability in spawning success may have important consequences for the life-history evolution of the European eel, including a bet-hedging strategy (distributing reproductive efforts over time) which could in turn guarantee successful reproduction of some adults.

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Chaotic genetic patchiness in an intertidal limpet, Siphonaria sp.

Cited by 261 publications

References 21 publications

Enzyme variation in marine and estuarine populations of the chitonSypharochiton pelliserpentis

Enzyme variation in marine and estuarine populations of the chitonSypharochiton pelliserpentis

Scaling of processes shaping the clonal dynamics and genetic mosaic of seagrasses through temporal genetic monitoring

Genetic patchiness in European eel adults evidenced by molecular genetics and population dynamics modelling

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