Chaos Analysis of Major Joint Motions for Young Males During Walking

Effects of Freezing of Gait and Visual Information on the Static Postural Control Ability in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

“…For nonlinear analysis, the maximal Lyapunov exponent (MLE) was calculated by reconstructing the phase space with delay time and embedding dimension for each data. MLE represents the degree of divergence of the time series trajectories in a phase space (Park, Son, & Kim, 2007;Grassberger & Procaccia, 1983). The algorithm (Wolf et al, 1985) for the Lyapunov exponent is shown in Equation 4.…”

“…(4) λ is the MLE, t is time interval, n is the number of time intervals, and d is the distance between two points (Park, Son, & Kim, 2007). To calculate the Lyapunov exponent, Chaos Data Analyzer software (professional version, Physics Academic Software, Sprott and Rowlands, 1998) was used to measure local stabilities.…”