Channel tortuosity variation in Florida triggered lightning

Idone, Vincent P.; Orville, Richard E.

doi:10.1029/gl015i007p00645

Cited by 34 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Since we and others have reported distinct differences between natural and triggered return strokes [e.g., Idone and Orville, 1988;Mach and Rust, 1989b], we will look for similar differences between the dart leaders of natural and triggered ground flashes. We do find significant differences between some natural and triggered dart leader characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐dimensional speed and optical risetime estimates for natural and triggered dart leaders

Mach¹,

Rust²

1997

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. We report velocities, risetimes, and other optical measurements of a set of 35 natural and 26 triggered dart leaders. All of the dart leaders are from negative strokes. The data were taken with our return stroke velocity device mounted on the National Severe Storms Laboratory mobile laboratory. The average two-dimensional (2-D) speed for the natural leaders is 1.9 + 0.2 x 107 rn s '1 , while the triggered dart leader average 2-D speed is 1.3 + 0.1 x 107 rn s '1. These two averages are significantly different. We find no significant change in the dart leader 2-D speed with height. The mean 10-90% optical risetime for the natural dart leaders is 2.6 + 0.4 Its. The optical risetime is evaluated from short channel segments (length of 3.2 + 1.7 m) located within 100 rn of the ground. The corresponding risetime for triggered leaders is 1.4 + 0.4 its. These averages are significantly different. We calculated an average dart leader head length of 35 + 5.4 m. We find no significant difference between natural and triggered dart leader head lengths. The channel traversed by the dart leader and before the return stroke is often bright enough to be detected by our instrument. We find that the ratio of the channel brightness after the dart leader head to the dart leader head is closer to unity for triggered dart leaders. We see no clear relationship between dart leader optical risetimes and subsequent return stroke peak transmission line model (TLM) current. We find that natural dart leader speeds are correlated with the return stroke peak TLM currents' the peak TLM current increases with increasing natural dart leader 2-D speed. We see no correlation between triggered dart leader speeds and subsequent return stroke peak TLM currents. At a given dart leader speed, natural return strokes will have smaller peak TLM currents. Overall, these results indicate that there are significant differences between natural and triggered dart leaders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐dimensional speed and optical risetime estimates for natural and triggered dart leaders

Mach¹,

Rust²

1997

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…He analysed the nature of tortuosity and estimated that the average angle of tortuosity in lightning channels is about 17.3 0 . Since then several studies have been conducted to analyse the tortuosity of lightning and spark channels both theoretically and experimentally [2,3,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of the Fine Scale Tortuosity in Sparks and Lightning Channels

Cooray¹

2018

Preprint

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Physical reason for the small scale tortuosity observed in sparks and lightning channels is unknown at present. In this paper it is suggested that the small scale tortuosity of the discharge channels is caused by the natural tendency for subsequent leader streamer bursts to avoid each other but at the same time to align as much as possible along the direction of the background electric field. This process will give rise to a discharge channel that re-orients in space during each streamer burst creating the small scale tortuosity.

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“…In particular, for each channel, we have assumed |ΔΩ| = 17 • and 5 m ≤ L b ≤ 100 m, according to data reported in [32]. Even though the number of constraints may appear higher than the degrees of freedom of each segment of the channel, it is worth stressing that the deviation angle is computed by using a Gaussian distribution whose median is |ΔΩ| .…”

Section: Tortuous Lightning Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The channels adopted for the simulations have been obtained by digitizing channel geometries of natural flashes recorded by Idone and Orville [32]; they are reproduced in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Tortuous Lightning Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since in [32] only a 2D representation in the xz plane is given, the yz plane projection of the path is generated here by imposing two main constraints, on the mean absolute value [ |ΔΩ| of the deviation angle from the average direction, and on the length L b of each segment of the channel. In particular, for each channel, we have assumed |ΔΩ| = 17 • and 5 m ≤ L b ≤ 100 m, according to data reported in [32].…”

Section: Tortuous Lightning Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Influence of Channel Tortuosity on Electric Fields Generated by Lightning Return Strokes at Close Distance

Petrarca¹,

Minucci²,

Andreotti³

2017

PIER B

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Abstract-In this paper the results of the estimated electric field associated with tortuous lightning paths at close distance (50 m to 500 m) are shown. Such results are compared with experimental data available in the literature and are illustrated along with a quantitative analysis of the field waveforms and their frequency spectra. The limits of the usual straight-vertical channel assumption and the influence of tortuosity at different azimuth and distances from the lightning channel base are also highlighted.

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Channel tortuosity variation in Florida triggered lightning

Cited by 34 publications

References 4 publications

Two‐dimensional speed and optical risetime estimates for natural and triggered dart leaders

Two‐dimensional speed and optical risetime estimates for natural and triggered dart leaders

Origin of the Fine Scale Tortuosity in Sparks and Lightning Channels

On the Influence of Channel Tortuosity on Electric Fields Generated by Lightning Return Strokes at Close Distance

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