Channel optical waveguides in various silicate glasses—optimalization of their parameters

Chromium doping of silicate glasses by field-assisted solid-state ion exchange

“…6 11.0 B, 3.8 Na, 1.8 K, 0.8 Ba) in a 13.56 MHz magnetron sputtering apparatus in Ar atmosphere. On the back side of the slides we deposited a 150 nm thick metallic Au film as the ohmic contact with the iron electrode.…”

“…At present, the production of passive light guides by the ionexchange in molten salts, even assisted by an external electric field, allows an excellent control of the refractive index profiles, and therefore of the device performance [1,2,[4][5][6][7][8]. On the other hand, the surface doping of silicate glasses for the production of active devices has been scarcely exploited so far.…”