Channel Measurements and Modeling at 6 GHz in the Tunnel Environments for 5G Wireless Systems

Li, Shuangde; Liu, Yuanjian; Lin, Leke; Sun, Xiangchen; Chen, Zhipeng; Zhang, Xiaojun

doi:10.1155/2017/1513038

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…e channel characteristics at 6 GHz in the tunnel are studied based on measurement and simulation data in [11]. It was found that the normal distribution could better fit the received power.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Propagation Characteristics for Various Subway Tunnel Scenarios at 28 GHz

Wang

Ji²,

Zheng

et al. 2021

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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In order to meet the higher data transmission rate requirements of subway communication services, the millimeter wave (mmWave) broadband communication is considered as a potential solution in 5G technology. Based on the channel measurement data in subway tunnels, this paper uses ray-tracing (RT) simulation to predict the propagation characteristics of the 28 GHz millimeter wave frequency band in different tunnel scenarios. A large number of simulations based on ray-tracing software have been carried out for tunnel models with different bending radiuses and different slopes, and we further compared the simulation results with the real time measurement data of various subway tunnels. The large-scale and small-scale propagation characteristics of the channel, such as path loss (PL), root mean square delay spread (RMS-DS), and angle spread (AS), for different tunnel scenarios are analyzed, and it was found that the tunnel with a greater slope causes larger path loss and root mean square delay spread. Furthermore, in the curved tunnel, the angle spread of the azimuth angle is larger than that in a straight tunnel. The proposed results can provide a reference for the design of future 5G communication systems in subway tunnels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Propagation Characteristics for Various Subway Tunnel Scenarios at 28 GHz

Wang

Ji²,

Zheng

et al. 2021

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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“…Path Loss Model. PL models are commonly used to illustrate the channel effects caused by the surrounding environment, which estimate the attenuation over distance of propagating signals and are crucial for predicting the coverage probability of wireless communication systems [46,47]. In our measurement, the link budget to calculate the path loss in dB is [48] PL…”

Section: Measurement Results and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements and Characterization for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Channel in High-Speed Railway Station Environment at 28 GHz

Liu

Lin

et al. 2021

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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The millimeter-wave (mmWave) and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication technologies provide vital means to resolve many technical challenges of the fifth-generation (5G) or beyond 5G (B5G) network. Analyzing the measured datasets extracted from the channel measurements can provide insight into the characteristics of radio channels in different scenarios. Therefore, mmWave massive MIMO channel measurements, simulation, and modeling are carried out in the high-speed railway waiting hall environments at 28 GHz. The multipath components (MPCs) parameters are estimated for line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios based on the space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization (SAGE) algorithm. Delay spread (DS), azimuth angle of arrival (AAoA), and elevation angle of arrival (EAoA) are analyzed. And they are processed by using the K-mean algorithm. In addition, propagation characteristics are simulated based on the improved ray tracing method of shooting and bouncing ray tracing/image (SBR/IM). The correctness of the improved ray tracing method is verified by comparing the measured results with the simulated results. The large-scale path loss (PL) is characterized based on close-in (CI) free-space reference distance model and the floating-intercept (FI) path loss model. Furthermore, statistical distributions for root-mean-square delay spread (RMS DS) are investigated. The Gaussian distribution best fits the measured data of RMS delay spread. Finally, multipath clustering is identified using the multipath component distance (MCD). The analysis of these results from mmWave massive MIMO channel measurements and simulation may be instructive for the deployment of the 5G or B5G wireless communications systems at 28 GHz.

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“…Consequently, modal expansion, numerical approach, and RT-based techniques of wave propagation in tunnels have significant challenges. Conversely, a large-scale path loss model was employed for model wave propagation in the tunnel [25], and the results indicate that large-scale path loss models could be effective at modelling radio wave propagation inside tunnels. Moreover, large-scale path loss models have been used to model indoor corridors [26,27] and stairwells [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Modeling of Propagation in Tunnel at 3.7 and 28 GHz

Samad¹,

Choi²

2022

Computers, Materials &Amp; Continua

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In present-day society, train tunnels are extensively used as a means of transportation. Therefore, to ensure safety, streamlined train operations, and uninterrupted internet access inside train tunnels, reliable wave propagation modeling is required. We have experimented and measured wave propagation models in a 1674 m long straight train tunnel in South Korea. The measured path loss and the received signal strength were modeled with the Close-In (CI), Floating intercept (FI), CI model with a frequency-weighted path loss exponent (CIF), and alpha-beta-gamma (ABG) models, where the model parameters were determined using minimum mean square error (MMSE) methods. The measured and the CI, FI, CIF, and ABG modelderived path loss was plotted in graphs, and the model closest to the measured path loss was identified through investigation. Based on the measured results, it was observed that every model had a comparatively lower (n < 2) path loss exponent (PLE) inside the tunnel. We also determined the path loss component's possible deviation (shadow factor) through a Gaussian distribution considering zero mean and standard deviation calculations of random error variables. The FI model outperformed all the examined models as it yielded a path loss closer to the measured datasets, as well as a minimum standard deviation of the shadow factor.

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Channel Measurements and Modeling at 6 GHz in the Tunnel Environments for 5G Wireless Systems

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Analysis of Propagation Characteristics for Various Subway Tunnel Scenarios at 28 GHz

Analysis of Propagation Characteristics for Various Subway Tunnel Scenarios at 28 GHz

Measurements and Characterization for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Channel in High-Speed Railway Station Environment at 28 GHz

Analysis and Modeling of Propagation in Tunnel at 3.7 and 28 GHz

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