Channel flow extrusion model to constrain dynamic viscosity and Prandtl number of the Higher Himalayan Shear Zone

Mukherjee, Soumyajit

doi:10.1007/s00531-012-0806-z

Cited by 115 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 223 publications

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“…Kali et al 2010;Mukherjee & Koyi 2010a;Mukherjee 2013a). The Lower Greater Himalayan Sequence is mostly composed of strongly deformed rocks showing top-to-the-south thrusting, the basal contact of which is the lower Main Central Thrust (MCT1) (Fig.…”

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New constraints on the timing of partial melting and deformation along the Nyalam section (central Himalaya): implications for extrusion models

Leloup

Liu

Mahéo

et al. 2015

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New structural, U-Th/Pb and Ar/Ar data along the Nyalam section constrain the timing of partial melting, crystallization and deformation in the Greater Himalayan Sequence. Prograde metamorphism was followed by the onset of partial melting at c. 30 Ma. In the central Greater Himalayan Sequence, in situ melts crystallized between 24 and 18 Ma. Subsequent cooling was very fast (c. 200 8C Ma 21 ) and coeval with the emplacement of undeformed dykes that lasted until c. 15 Ma. In the upper Greater Himalayan Sequence, fast cooling continued until c. 13 Ma. Combined with published P -T and thermochronological data from the Langtang and Dudh Kosi valleys, these data imply that: (a) the partial melt zone thinned over time; (b) the end of melting preceded the end of motion on the Main Central Thrust and the South Tibetan Detachment by 6 and 2 Ma, respectively; (c) the South Tibetan Detachment possibly initiated at c. 25 Ma, probably reactivating a pre-existing thrust; and (d) the present-day topography has been established for ,6 Ma and focused erosion on the present-day southern slopes of the Himalaya was not active at the time of the exhumation of the Greater Himalayan Sequence. These observations suggest that the Main Central Thrust/South Tibetan Detachment systems are not passive structures induced by focused erosion, as has been suggested previously by some lower crustal channel flow models.

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New constraints on the timing of partial melting and deformation along the Nyalam section (central Himalaya): implications for extrusion models

Leloup

Liu

Mahéo

et al. 2015

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“…From bottom to top these are the Main Frontal Thrust, the Main Boundary Thrust, the Main Central Thrust (MCT) and the South Tibetan Detachment (STD) System (STDS), respectively (Gansser 1964(Gansser , 1983Le Fort 1975;Burchfiel et al 1992;Hodges 2000;Yin 2006). Among these the MCT and STD bound the Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS) in between, containing most of the metamorphic rocks of the Himalaya (Burchfiel et al 1992;Hodges 2000;Mukherjee 2013).…”

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Eocene partial melting recorded in peritectic garnets from kyanite-gneiss, Greater Himalayan Sequence, central Nepal

Carosi

Montomoli

Langone

et al. 2014

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Anatectic melt inclusions (nanogranites and nanotonalites) have been found in garnet\ud of kyanite-gneiss at the bottom of the Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS) along the Kali\ud Gandaki valley, central Nepal, c. 1 km structurally above the Main Central Thrust (MCT). In\ud situ U–Th–Pb dating of monazite included in garnets, in the same structural positions as melt\ud inclusions, allowed us to constrain partial melting starting at c. 41–36 Ma. Eocene partial\ud melting occurred during prograde metamorphism in the kyanite stability field (Eo-Himalayan\ud event). Sillimanite-bearing mylonitic foliation wraps around garnets showing a top-to-the-SW\ud sense of shear linked to the MCT ductile activity and to the exhumation of the GHS. These findings\ud highlight the occurrence of an older melting event in the GHS during prograde metamorphism in\ud the kyanite stability field before the more diffuse Miocene melting event.\ud The growth of prograde garnet and kyanite at 41–6 Ma in the MCT zone, affecting the bottom of\ud the GHS, suggests that inverted metamorphism in the MCT zone and folded isograds in the GHS\ud should be carefully proved with the aid of geochronology, because not all Barrovian minerals grew\ud during the same time span and they grew in different tectonic settings

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“…See Pamplona and Rodrigues (2011) and Pamplona et al (2014) for details. Shearbands/secondary shears are considered readily by structural geologists as evidence of general shear deformation (Mukherjee and Koyi, 2010b;Mukherjee, 2013c). (Jorge Pamplona, Benedito Calejo Rodrigues, Carlos Fernández) FIGURE 2.16 Incipient heterogeneous ductile shear zone localized on a precursor fracture.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ductile Shear Zones

Mukherjee

2015

Atlas of Structural Geology

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Channel flow extrusion model to constrain dynamic viscosity and Prandtl number of the Higher Himalayan Shear Zone

Cited by 115 publications

References 223 publications

New constraints on the timing of partial melting and deformation along the Nyalam section (central Himalaya): implications for extrusion models

New constraints on the timing of partial melting and deformation along the Nyalam section (central Himalaya): implications for extrusion models

Eocene partial melting recorded in peritectic garnets from kyanite-gneiss, Greater Himalayan Sequence, central Nepal

Ductile Shear Zones

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