Channel bed steps and pool shapes along Soda Creek, Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon

Geometric scaling of step-pools in mountain streams: Observations and implications

“…Accordingly, we did not attempt to use data reported for studies focused on the evaluation of artificially constructed step-pool like systems Comiti et al, 2005) or step-pools developed in flume experiments where aspects of their geometry are fixed (Curran and Wilcock, 2005;Curran, 2007;Weichert et al, 2008). Although many studies of naturally formed step-pools have published λ s , H s , and W a data, only Lenzi (2001) and Zimmerman and Church (2001) also published Z s data and Duckson and Duckson (2001) reported Z s but not W a . From Lenzi's work we use the steppool (as denoted by the prefix SP) data provided in their Tables 3 and 4 and from Zimmerman and Church we use the data provided in their Table 2.…”

A morpho-statistical classification of mountain stream reach types in southeastern Australia

“…For example, flat grains have been shown experimentally and in natural channels (Church, 1978;Laronne and Carson, 1976) to create tighter bed packing by interlocking, which produces greater resistance to flow. Lithology controls grain shape (Browne and Thomas, 2001;Huddart, 1994) and its potential influence on bedform configuration and resultant reach morphology has also been noted (Buffington et al, 2003;Duckson and Duckson, 2001;Montgomery, 1999;Wohl, 2000b;Wohl and Achyuthan, 2002). Lithology may therefore be expected to be a significant factor influencing reach morphology.…”

Biogeomorphological effects of leaf accumulations in stepped-bed channels: Exploratory study, Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mountains, Czech Republic

“…The authors also documented a much longer distance between individual steps (4-6 m) at a mean channel gradient of 0.14 m/m. The bedrock step-pools investigated by Duckson and Duckson (2001) in very steep bedrock channels (0.25-0.35 m/m) composed of volcanic rocks (andesite, basalt and dacite) had similar step heights (0.2-0.33 m). In contrast, though, the step wavelength and H/L/S ratio measured by these authors was much lower due to their steeper channel gradients.…”

“…One exception is the work of Borák (2012) from steep headwater streams. We also compared the geometric characteristics of foliaged step-pools with alluvial (Chin, 1999;Chartrand and Whiting, 2000;Lenzi, 2001;Nickolotsky and Pawlowsky, 2007;Recking et al, 2012;Frandofer and Lehotský, 2013) and bedrock (Duckson and Duckson, 2001) step-pool morphologies that occurred in areas similar to our study location, with small watersheds and steep channel gradients. Borák (2012) investigated foliaged step-pool systems in the flysch-based high-gradient Mazák Stream (A = 0.9 km 2 ) in the Western Carpathians, where the mean bankfull width was 1.08 m and the channel gradient was 0.24 m/m.…”