Channel and cut-bluff failure connectivity in a river system: Case study of the braided-wandering Belá River, Western Carpathians, Slovakia

Inferring channel incision in gravel‐bed rivers: Integrating LiDAR data, historical aerial photographs and drone‐based SfM topo‐bathymetry

“…Here, sediment erosion is located exclusively in the channel bed and can be interpreted as a propagation of back erosion from downstream reaches. Gravel‐grained sediment transport is supplemented by fine sediment input from undercutting cut‐bluff cliffs (Rusnák et al, 2020).…”

“…The DoD from the UAV survey pointed out that in this section was eroded by an incision of −22 759 m 3 of gravels, with a total mass of ∼45 700 tons calculated from a bulk density of 2.69 g.cm −3 for granitoid and metamorphic rocks of the Tatricum unit (Šamajová & Hók, 2018) and a porosity of 0.25 (Martin & Church, 1995; Surian & Cisotto, 2007). Furthermore, during this period (2015–2022), another 60 583 tons of fine‐grained claystone sediment entered the channel system from the undercut cliff in the middle of the DEG section (Rusnák et al, 2020). This eroded amount, approximately 23 000 m 3 from a 1.6 km long reach of the Belá River, is comparable with other Flysch Carpathians river Morávka, where the volume of 39 000 m 3 (850m long reach) in the period 2010–2014 was eroded as the effect of hungry water below the dam (Škarpich et al, 2020).…”

“…Layered above these foundational strata are diverse glaciofluvial deposits (outwash) dating back to the Pleistocene glaciation, remnants of the Tatras Mountain's glacial activity. The Holocene floodplain comprises boulders, gravel and gravel‐sandy fluvial deposits reaching a thickness of up to 2 m. Notably, these deposits possess an average grain size diameter (d 50 ) of 126 mm (Rusnák et al, 2020).…”

“…Here, sediment erosion is located exclusively in the channel bed and can be interpreted as a propagation of back erosion from downstream reaches. Gravel-grained sediment transport is supplemented by fine sediment input from undercutting cut-bluff cliffs(Rusnák et al, 2020).5 | DISCUSSION 5.1 | Channel incision, embankment and mining matters Historical aerial images confirm the overall transformation of the study river system, characterised by a channel narrowing and gravel bar shrinking. The BACI approach enables identified mutual causeeffect relationships of different driver's impacts by distinguishing temporal and spatial scales.…”

Interactions of natural and anthropogenic drivers and hydrological processes on local and regional scales: A review of main results of Slovak hydrology from 2019 to 2022

“…Following consultation with experts, they identified ten key challenges which must be addressed for riparian vegetation science and management improvement. Using a sediment cascade approach, Rusnák et al (2020) studied channel and cut-bluff failure connectivity in the braided-wandering Belá River. A terrestrial laser scanning time series was generated by systematically monitoring the cut-bluff slope surface.…”