“…If we adopt the far-field relation given by Ben-Menahem & Harkrider (1964): a wave propagating in the positive r direction with retrograde elliptical particle motion, U , leads U , by x/2 radians and E~ is positive only if z is chosen to increase upward. If, however, as inPanza et al (1972),Haskell (1953), and the first part of Harkrider (1964), z is chosen positive downward, U, leads U , by 3n/2 radians.…”