Changing Trends in Etiology‐Based and Ethnicity‐Based Annual Mortality Rates of Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States

Kim, Dong‐Hee; Li, Andrew A.; Perumpail, Brandon J; Gadiparthi, Chiranjeevi; Kim, Won; Cholankeril, George; Glenn, Jeffrey S.; Harrison, Stephen A.; Younossi, Zobair M.

doi:10.1002/hep.30161

Cited by 159 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although the average APC of mortality from NAFLD‐related cirrhosis was 3‐fold greater than the average APC of ALD‐related cirrhosis during the study period, overall mortality rate was only one tenth that of ALD‐related cirrhosis in 2016, and one third that of HCV‐related mortality. Given the fact that NAFLD has clearly surpassed HCV and is close to ALD as the leading cause for liver transplant in the United States, the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code for NAFLD is likely to have only captured a small subset of NAFLD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

The Triumph of Bacchus: The Emergence of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Alcoholic Liver Disease as the Leading Causes of Mortality From Cirrhosis

Cotter

Charlton

2019

Hepatology

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mentioning

confidence: 86%

The Triumph of Bacchus: The Emergence of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Alcoholic Liver Disease as the Leading Causes of Mortality From Cirrhosis

Cotter

Charlton

2019

Hepatology

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“…Well‐controlled concomitant diseases by pharmacologic treatment are important, not only for diseases control but also for improving outcomes of associated diseases. For CHC patients with NAFLD, clearance of HCV offers benefits on reducing hepatic and extrahepatic events . A previous study showed that steatosis is a negative predictor of SVR following interferon treatment .…”

Section: Chronic Hepatitis Viral Infection and Fatty Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review: chronic viral hepatitis and metabolic derangement

Wang

Cheng

Kao

2019

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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Summary Background The liver has a critical role in the metabolism of glucose and lipids. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection leads to a spectrum of liver disease including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a rising incidence owing to an epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is a liver manifestation of MetS and has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Aim To summarise the interplay among hepatitis viruses, MetS and its components. Methods We searched the literature about HBV, HCV infection, MetS, fatty liver and its components from PubMed. Results With respect to the viral replication cycle, lipids are important mediators between viral entry and hepatocyte in HCV infection, but not in HBV infection. Thus, HCV infection is inversely associated with hyperlipidaemia and lipid rebound occurs following sustained viral response induced by interferon‐based therapy or direct antiviral agents. In addition, HCV infection is positively associated with insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, MetS and the risk of T2DM and atherosclerosis. In contrast, HBV infection may protect infected subjects from the development of MetS and hepatic steatosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that HBV infection is inversely associated with lipid metabolism, and exhibits no conclusive association with insulin resistance or the risk of T2DM and arteriosclerosis. Conclusions In patients with viral hepatitis and concurrent metabolic diseases, a multidisciplinary approach should be given rather than simply antiviral treatment.

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“…In the United States (US), the prevalence of cirrhosis was estimated to be approximately 630 000 adults (0.27%) . A recent study based on the US National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) demonstrated that the age‐standardized mortality from cirrhosis steadily increased from 19.77 per 100 000 persons in 2007 to 23.67 in 2016 with an annual increase of 2.3% . HCC, which led to 750 000 deaths in 2012, is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the US, the incidence of HCC increased from 4.4 per 100 000 in 2000 to 6.7 per 100 000 in 2012 . HCC‐related mortality in the US increased from 3.48 per 100 000 persons in 2007 to 4.41 in 2016 at an annual rate of 2.0%, based on an analysis of the NVSS database . Despite the increasing prevalence of ESLD, advances have been made to optimize the management of decompensated cirrhosis and HCC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in hospitalizations for chronic liver disease‐related liver failure in the United States, 2005‐2014

Kim

Cholankeril

et al. 2019

Liver International

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Background & Aims Current estimates of the population‐based disease burden of liver failure or end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) are lacking. We investigated recent trends in hospitalizations and in‐hospital mortality among patients with ESLD in the United States (US). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed utilizing the National Inpatient Sample from 2005 to 2014. We defined ESLD as either decompensated cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), criteria obtained from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision. Nationwide rates of hospitalization and in‐hospital mortality were analysed from 2005 to 2014. Results Hospitalization rates for decompensated cirrhosis during this period increased from 105.3/100 000 persons to 159.9/100 000 persons. In terms of HCC, hospitalization rates increased from 13.6/100 000 to 22.1/100 000. In patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)‐related decompensated cirrhosis, the hospitalization rate increased from 13.4/100 000 to 32.1/100 000 with an annual incremental increase of 10.6%, a magnitude twofold higher than other aetiologies. The proportion of NAFLD among hospitalizations with ESLD steadily increased from 12.7% to 20.1% for decompensated cirrhosis while the proportion of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) declined (from 29.3% to 27.6% for HCV; from 39.0% to 37.4% for ALD). Although the overall in‐hospital mortality rates for ESLD declined during the study, mortality rates for NAFLD‐related decompensated cirrhosis showed no significant change. Conclusions Among aetiologies of chronic liver disease, NAFLD demonstrated the fastest growing rate of hospitalizations in non‐HCC patients with ESLD in the US. Our study highlights the need for a focus on NAFLD‐related hospitalizations and its impact on resource utilization.

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Changing Trends in Etiology‐Based and Ethnicity‐Based Annual Mortality Rates of Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States

Cited by 159 publications

References 28 publications

The Triumph of Bacchus: The Emergence of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Alcoholic Liver Disease as the Leading Causes of Mortality From Cirrhosis

The Triumph of Bacchus: The Emergence of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Alcoholic Liver Disease as the Leading Causes of Mortality From Cirrhosis

Systematic review: chronic viral hepatitis and metabolic derangement

Trends in hospitalizations for chronic liver disease‐related liver failure in the United States, 2005‐2014

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