Changing Trends and Abrupt Features of Extreme Temperature in Mainland China from 1960 to 2010

Fang, Shibo; Qi, Yue; Han, Guojun; Li, Qingxiang; Zhou, Guangsheng

doi:10.3390/atmos7020022

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Moreover, the average phases of all of the climate factors except for annual precipitation abruptly changed, consequently affecting the apple quality of all of the apple-producing regions. Previous studies on the effect of climate change on apple production have primarily focused on the aspects of climate resources, phenological periods, production, and hazard risks [35][36][37][38]. Based on the production scale and market percentage of China, the major developing tendency is to control the scale with stable yields while improving quality in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Impact of Climate Change on the Quality of Apples from the Major Producing Areas of China

Zhou

2016

Atmosphere

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Meteorological conditions are important environmental factors affecting apple quality. To understand the possible impact of climate change on the apple quality of the major producing areas in China and assess the quality of major apple species (e.g., Fuji, Ralls, and Golden Delicious), we studied the variation trends and abrupt change characteristics of six major climate factors affecting seven physicochemical indices of apple quality across five apple regions, including the Loess Plateau, Bohai Bay, the Old Course of the Yellow River, Southwest Highlands, and Xinjiang, using statistical methods, meteorological indices, and the ArcGIS analysis tool based on the meteorological observational data from 1961 to 2013. The results show that the spatial and temporal distributions of annual average temperature, annual sunshine duration, average summer temperature, summer diurnal temperature range, and average summer relative humidity all significantly changed (except annual precipitation) and that abrupt changes occurred. The annual temperatures and average summer temperatures in the Loess Plateau apple region and the Liaoning producing region of Bohai Bay increased within optimal ranges. In addition, for high-value regions, the hours of sunshine decreased, helping to improve the fruit shape index, sugar-acid ratio, and vitamin C (VC) content. Relatively high temperatures continued to increase to high values which remained lower than the optimal upper limit; the diurnal temperature range continued to decrease; and the sunshine hours significantly decreased within the optimal range, which might have worsened fruit hardness, soluble sugar, and peel anthocyanin in the producing regions of Southwest Shandong of Bohai Bay, Southeast Hebei of the Old Course of the Yellow River, Northern Anhui, and Jiangsu. In the production regions of the Yun-Gui plateau in the Southwest highlands, increased summer temperature and the diurnal temperature range were both within the optimal ranges, which might have helped to reduce fruit hardness and increase soluble sugar content. However, continuously increased temperature and reduced sunshine might have worsened the apple shape index and fruit coloring. In the Xinjiang apple-producing region, the climate became warmer and more humid with reduced daily sunshine hours, which might have improved the exterior quality of apples and reduced fruit hardness. Thus, the climate changes over the last 50 years have positively affected the seven apple quality physicochemical properties in the Loess Plateau and Xinjiang, whereas the impacts on the different indices of apple quality in the other apple-producing regions are less coherent. In general, climate change has significantly affected the apple quality of the major production regions in China. Corresponding scientific measures are needed to assure high apple quality to increase the income of farmers in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Impact of Climate Change on the Quality of Apples from the Major Producing Areas of China

Zhou

2016

Atmosphere

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“…It has been demonstrated that over the last several decades, the plant growth seasons in the northern hemisphere have gradually extended, which leads to an increase in carbon sequestration in highlatitude areas. 15 In China, many studies show similar trends in most regions using ground observation and satellite monitoring, Fang et al 16 and Zheng et al 17 discussed the effect of global warming on plant phenological changes, and the results show that the response of ahead (or delay) of phenophase to increasing (or decreasing) of temperature was nonlinear. Zhang, 18 Lu et al, 19 Li et al, 20 He et al, 21 Fang et al, 22 Zhong et al, 23 Wang et al, 24 and Xie et al 25 studied the trend of plant phenology and its responses to climatic change over different areas in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Spatiotemporal variations of forest phenology in the Qinling Mountains and its response to a critical temperature of 10°C

Zhao

Xue

Quan

et al. 2018

J. Appl. Rem. Sens.

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Abstract. Based on the fifth version MOD09A1 product of NASA LP DAAC (Land Processes Distributed Active Center) from 2001 to 2016, an enhanced vegetation index (EVI) time series dataset in the Qinling Mountains was reconstructed; it was used to extract the plant phenological parameters of the region by employing the maximal slopes of the alteration method and threshold method. The results show that the Whittaker filter method was better than other methods for the reconstruction of shrubland, farmland, and forest in the Qinling Mountains. Based on the reconstructed EVI, the characteristics of vegetation coverage, the start of growth season (SOG), the end of growth season (EOG), and the length of growth season (LOG) in the Qinling Mountains were all analyzed. There was an increasing trend of vegetation coverage in most regions (about 89.93% of the monitored areas) over the Qinling Mountains in the past decades, and the average phenological distribution pattern in the Qinling Mountains was closely related to the local hydrothermal conditions. From the high altitude mountainous areas to the farming areas, the SOG was gradually postponed, the EOG was gradually earlier, and the LOG gradually shortened. Furthermore, the time series variation of SOG, EOG, and LOG from 2001 to 2016 in the Qinling Mountains was also studied. The variation showed that the SOG shifted earlier, which was more prominent in high-altitude areas, while, for some southern and northern foothills altitude below 500 m and a few areas of the eastern Funiu Mountains, the SOG was delayed. The EOG shifted later, which was more apparent in the northern Qinling foothills and mid-to low-altitude areas of the eastern ranges, and the LOG was extended. Finally, the studies of correlation analysis between the plant phenology and a temperature threshold of 10°C showed that global warming was the major factor affecting the phytophenology of the Qinling Mountains, and the effects were concentrated mainly in the 1000-to 2000-m zones of the southern and northern Qinling Mountains. Moreover, the northern Qinling foothills showed a greater response to accumulated temperature than the southern foothills, and the low-altitude area of the eastern Funiu Mountains exhibited the lowest correlation with the accumulated temperature.

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“…The annual average temperature is 10−13 • C in Southern Xinjiang and less than 10 • C in Northern Xinjiang. The extreme maximum temperature has reached 48.9 • C in Eastern Xinjiang's Turpan Basin while an extreme minimum temperature of −51.5 • C occurs in Northern Xinjiang's Keketuohai (Fang et al, 2016). The precipitation in Xinjiang is low overall, with an average annual precipitation of approximately 150 mm and a distinct regional difference.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial variability in snow cover over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, from 2001 to 2015

Chen

Ding

Wang

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Xinjiang, China, is a typical arid and semi-arid region of Central Asia that significantly lacks freshwater resources, and the surface runoff in this region is mainly supplied by mountain glacier and snow cover meltwater. Based on the above background and issues of transnational water resources between Xinjiang and Central Asia along the Silk Road Economic Belt, which were highlighted in the major strategy of “The Belt and Road”, this study analysed the spatial and temporal variations in snow cover and snow cover days in the Xinjiang region from 2001 to 2015. The study area includes four subregions: Northern Xinjiang, Southern Xinjiang, Eastern Xinjiang and the Ili River Valley. Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 8-day snow cover data were used after removing clouds by combining MOD10A2 and MYD10A2. The results showed that seasonal snow cover occurred from October to April in most regions of Xinjiang and that this snow cover consisted of two processes: snow accumulation and snow ablation. The maximum snow cover occurred in January, whereas the minimum snow cover occurred from July to August. During the seasonal snow cover period, the snowfall rates in Northern Xinjiang and the Ili River Valley were higher, while the other regions had a low snowfall probability. To study the relationship between altitude and snow cover, the normalized snow elevation correlation index (NSACI) was calculated. The NSACI showed a significant correlation between snow cover and elevation in most regions of Xinjiang and was classified into five grades. Snow cover days did not fluctuate obviously from 2001 to 2015, and a decreasing trend was observed in the four subregions except for the Ili River Valley (nonsignificant decreasing trend). We also observed a correlation between snow cover and temperature and found that the correlations between monthly snow cover and monthly temperature in the four subregions were strongly related to the underlying land type and global warming background, which also suggests that the special topography of Xinjiang greatly influences both snow cover and climate change.

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Changing Trends and Abrupt Features of Extreme Temperature in Mainland China from 1960 to 2010

Cited by 21 publications

References 61 publications

Possible Impact of Climate Change on the Quality of Apples from the Major Producing Areas of China

Possible Impact of Climate Change on the Quality of Apples from the Major Producing Areas of China

Spatiotemporal variations of forest phenology in the Qinling Mountains and its response to a critical temperature of 10°C

Temporal and spatial variability in snow cover over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, from 2001 to 2015

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